A method of separating a mixture of used refractory components of different chemistry types obtained from a demolished refractory includes hydrating the mixture of refractory components to destructively hydrate at least some components of the mixture of refractory components, and separating, based on size, the at least some components from other components of the mixture of refractory components.

Provided is a ZrO.sub.2—CaO—C based refractory material which is capable of maintaining high adhesion resistance over a long period of time, while exhibiting significant slaking resistance, and suppressing self-fluxing, i.e., exhibiting corrosion-erosion resistance. The refractory material comprises a CaO—ZrO.sub.2 composition containing a CaO component in an amount of 40% by mass to 60% by mass, wherein a mass ratio of the CaO component to a ZrO.sub.2 component is 0.67 to 1.5, and wherein the CaO—ZrO.sub.2 composition includes a eutectic microstructure of CaO crystals and CaZrO.sub.3 crystals, wherein a width of each of the CaO crystals observable in a cross-sectional microstructure is 50 μm or less.

A lead-free piezoelectric ceramic sensor material and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of piezoelectric ceramic processing. The main raw materials of the lead-free piezoelectric ceramic sensor material disclosed in the present disclosure are a barium carbonate, a calcium carbonate, a zirconia, a titanium dioxide, a strontium carbonate, an oxidation bait, a bismuth oxide, a composite binder and a dispersant agent. The preparation method is prepared through the steps of preparing ingredients, ball milling, granulating and tableting, debinding, and sintering, and the lead-free piezoelectric ceramic sensor material can be made into a lead-free piezoelectric sensor through applying an electrode and electrode polarizing. The present disclosure has an excellent compactness and a good chemical stability. And the piezoelectric sensor made of the lead-free piezoelectric ceramic sensor material has a high sensitivity, a strong working stability, an excellent piezoelectric and has a high Curie temperature.

A method for improving the insulating character/and or penetration resistance of a surface comprising lining a surface of a lime kiln, a cement kiln, a roasting kiln, a thermal oxidizer, or a fluidized bed reactor that is subject to wear by an alkali environment and/or an alkaline environment with a refractory composition comprising a refractory aggregate consisting essentially of a calcium hexa aluminate clinker having the formula CA.sub.6, wherein C is equal to calcium oxide, wherein A is equal to aluminum oxide, and wherein the hexa aluminate clinker has from zero to less than about fifty weight percent C.sub.12A.sub.7, and wherein greater than 98 weight percent of the calcium hexa aluminate clinker having a particle size ranging from −20 microns to +3 millimeters, for forming a liner of the surface.

A refractory material contains: 40 mass % or more of MgO; 4 to 30 mass % of a free carbon component; and one or more of B.sub.2O.sub.3, P.sub.2O.sub.5, SiO.sub.2 and TiO.sub.2, in a total amount of 0.3 to 3 mass %, with the remainder being at least one other type of additional refractory component. A void layer exists in an interface between a carbon-containing matrix microstructure residing at least on opposite sides of a maximum-size one of a plurality of MgO-containing particles in the refractory material, and the maximum-size MgO-containing particle. A sum of respective thicknesses of the void layer at two positions on the opposite sides is 0.2 to 3.0% of a ratio with respect to particle size of the maximum-size MgO-containing particle. An inorganic compound of MgO and the one or more of B.sub.2O.sub.3, P.sub.2O.sub.5, SiO.sub.2 and TiO.sub.2 exists entirety or partially in a surface of each of the MgO-containing particles.

A method of treating a preceramic material includes providing a preceramic polycarbosilane or polycarbosiloxane material that includes a moiety Si—O-M, where Si is silicon, O is oxygen and M is at least one metal that includes at least one transition metal, and thermally converting the preceramic polycarbosilane or polycarbosiloxane that includes the moiety Si—O-M material into a ceramic material.

The disclosure discloses a method for preparing a multifunctional ecological exterior wall, including: preparing a ceramic board of a ceramic thermal insulation waterproof layer; preparing a ceramic sound-absorbing board of a sound-absorbing layer; and installing a ecological exterior wall: leveling a surface of the wall of a building with cement slurry, and applying a cement bonding layer thereon; laying the ceramic thermal insulation waterproof board on the cement bonding layer, and applying the cement bonding layer on the ceramic board; laying the ceramic sound-absorbing board on the cement bonding layer and reserving a gap used to place a pipe; driving the screw-thread steel bolt from the surface of the ceramic sound-absorbing board into the wall obliquely; installing and fixing the pipe in the gap, which is reserved at the upper of the ceramic sound-absorbing board; planting a green plant on the surface of the ceramic board of the sound-absorbing layer.

A gas injection nozzle refractory with one or more gas injection small metal tubes buried therein has improved durability. The gas injection nozzle refractory includes a MgO-C central refractory with a small metal tube buried therein, and a MgO-C peripheral refractory surrounding the central refractory. The central refractory on a plane of the gas injection nozzle refractory has an external shape of a circle with a radius in the range of R+10 to R+150 mm concentric with a virtual circle with a minimum radius surrounding all buried small metal tubes, R mm being a radius of the virtual circle.

A ceramic member includes a matrix phase of a perovskite compound including La, Ca, and Mn, and a heterophase including Mn and O as main components, wherein crystal grains of the perovskite compound have an average grain size of about 2.5 μm or more and about 6.4 μm or less.

Systems, methods, components, and materials are disclosed for stereolithographic fabrication of three-dimensional, dense objects. A resin including at least one component of a binder system and dispersed particles can be exposed to an activation light source. The activation light source can cure the at least one component of the binder system to form a green object, which can include the at least one component of the binder system and the particles. A dense object can be formed from the green object by removing the at least one component of the binder system in an extraction process and thermally processing particles to coalesce into the dense object.