A process of coating a substrate containing silicon with an environmental barrier coating, comprising altering a surface of the substrate and applying an environmental barrier layer to the surface of the substrate.

Disclosed are embodiments of synthetic garnet materials for use in radiofrequency applications. In some embodiments, increased amounts of bismuth can be added into specific sites in the crystal structure of the synthetic garnet in order to boost certain properties, such as the dielectric constant and magnetization. Accordingly, embodiments of the disclosed materials can be used in high frequency applications, such as in base station antennas.

Ion-doped metal or ceramic nanoparticles can be added into, for example, a component that upon exposure to an environmental stimulus, will release the ion and tattle on any impending destruction.

Disclosed are embodiments of synthetic garnet materials for use in radiofrequency applications. In some embodiments, increased amounts of bismuth can be added into specific sites in the crystal structure of the synthetic garnet in order to boost certain properties, such as the dielectric constant and magnetization. Accordingly, embodiments of the disclosed materials can be used in high frequency applications, such as in base station antennas.

Disclosed are embodiments of synthetic garnet materials for use in radiofrequency applications. In some embodiments, increased amounts of bismuth can be added into specific sites in the crystal structure of the synthetic garnet in order to boost certain properties, such as the dielectric constant and magnetization. Accordingly, embodiments of the disclosed materials can be used in high frequency applications, such as in base station antennas.

Ion-doped metal or ceramic nanoparticles can be added into, for example, a component that upon exposure to an environmental stimulus, will release the ion and tattle on any impending destruction.

Disclosed are embodiments of synthetic garnet materials for use in radiofrequency applications. In some embodiments, increased amounts of bismuth can be added into specific sites in the crystal structure of the synthetic garnet in order to boost certain properties, such as the dielectric constant and magnetization. Accordingly, embodiments of the disclosed materials can be used in high frequency applications, such as in base station antennas.

An object of the present invention is to provide a cubic boron nitride sintered body and a coated cubic boron nitride sintered body that can extend the tool life by having excellent wear resistance and fracture resistance. A cubic boron nitride sintered body including cubic boron nitride and a binder phase, wherein in a cross-sectional structure, content ratios of the cubic boron nitride and the binder phase fall within specific ranges, the binder phase includes a Ti compound phase containing a specific compound, an Al compound phase containing a specific compound, and a W compound phase containing WC, an average grain size of the W compound phase is 0.5 m or more and 3.0 m or less, content ratios of the Ti compound phase and the Al compound phase based on a whole of the binder phase fall within specific ranges, a content ratio X1 of the W compound phase is 2.0 area % or more and 30.0 area % or less, a content ratio X2 of the W compound phase based on a whole of the binder phase in a range from an interface between the cubic boron nitride and the binder phase to a distance of 300 nm toward the binder phase side is larger than the content ratio X1.