Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods for controlling etch depth by providing localized heating across a substrate. The method for controlling temperatures across the substrate can include individually controlling a plurality of heating pixels disposed in a dielectric body of a substrate support assembly. The plurality of heating pixels provide temperature distributions on a first surface of the substrate disposed on a support surface of the dielectric body. The temperature distributions correspond to a plurality of portions of at least one grating on a second surface of the substrate to be exposed to an ion beam. Additionally, the temperatures can be controlled by individually controlling light emitting diodes (LEDs) of LED arrays. The substrate is exposed to the ion beam to form a plurality of fins on the at least one grating. The at least one grating has a distribution of depths corresponding to the temperature distributions.

In one aspect, an article comprises a substrate that comprises a ceramic matrix composite; and a metal oxide layer disposed on the substrate; where the metal oxide layer has a marking etched into the metal oxide via laser ablation. The markings include alphabets, numbers, symbols, bar codes, matrix bar codes, quick response codes, or a combination thereof. Disclosed herein too is a method comprising disposing upon a ceramic matrix composite a metal oxide layer; and laser ablating the metal oxide layer to etch the metal oxide layer. The etchings produce markings that comprise alphabets, numbers, symbols, bar codes, matrix bar codes, quick response codes, or a combination thereof.

In one aspect, an article comprises a substrate that comprises a ceramic matrix composite; and a metal oxide layer disposed on the substrate; where the metal oxide layer has a marking etched into the metal oxide via laser ablation. The markings include alphabets, numbers, symbols, bar codes, matrix bar codes, quick response codes, or a combination thereof. Disclosed herein too is a method comprising disposing upon a ceramic matrix composite a metal oxide layer; and laser ablating the metal oxide layer to etch the metal oxide layer. The etchings produce markings that comprise alphabets, numbers, symbols, bar codes, matrix bar codes, quick response codes, or a combination thereof.

A cubic boron nitride sintered material tool contains a plurality of cBN grains. cBN grains located on a surface of the cutting edge contain a cubic boron nitride phase, and a hexagonal boron nitride phase. When a ratio I.sub.π*/I.sub.σ* between an intensity of a π* peak derived from a π bond of hBN in the hexagonal boron nitride phase and an intensity of a σ* peak derived from a σ bond of hBN in the hexagonal boron nitride phase and a σ bond of cBN in the cubic boron nitride phase is determined by measuring an energy loss associated with excitation of K-shell electrons of boron, the ratio I.sub.π*/I.sub.σ* of the cBN grain on the surface of the cutting edge is 0.1 to 2, and the ratio I.sub.π*/I.sub.σ* of the cBN grain at a depth position of 5 μm from the surface of the cutting edge is 0.001 to 0.1.

Provided are a machining device (10), a machining unit, and a machining method that irradiate a workpiece (8) with a laser beam to perform cutting or boring machining of the workpiece (8). The invention has a laser output device (12), a guiding optical system (14) that guides a laser beam, and an irradiating head (16) that guides a laser beam and irradiates the workpiece (8) with the laser beam. The irradiating head (16) integrally rotates a first prism (52) and a second prism (54) with a rotation mechanism, thereby rotating a light path of the laser beam around a rotational axis of the rotation mechanism and irradiating the workpiece (8) while rotating the position of irradiation to the workpiece. A control device (22) calculates an allowable rotational frequency range of the laser beam on the basis of the relationship between an allowable thickness of a remelted layer of the workpiece (8) and a rotational frequency, or the relationship between an allowable thickness of an oxidization layer of the workpiece and the rotational frequency, determines a rotational frequency included in the allowable rotational frequency range as the rotational frequency of the rotation mechanism, and rotates the rotation mechanism at the determined rotational frequency, thereby enabling high-precision machining to be performed with a simple configuration.

A method of manufacturing a diamond substrate includes: a step of placing a laser condensing unit 190 configured to condense laser light B so as to face an upper surface 10a of a block 10 of single crystal diamond, a step of forming a modified layer 20, which includes a processing mark 21 of graphite and a crack 22b extending along a surface (111) around the processing mark 21, in a partial region of the upper surface 10a of the block 10 along the surface (111) of the single crystal diamond, along the surface (111) of the single crystal diamond at a predetermined depth from the upper surface 10a of the block 10 by radiating the laser light B on the upper surface 10a of the block 10 from the laser condensing unit 190 under predetermined conditions and condensing the laser light B inside the block 10, and moving the laser condensing unit 190 and the block 10 in a relative manner two-dimensionally, and a step of forming a cleavage plane 25 at the predetermined depth of the remaining region of the upper surface 10a of the block 10 by spontaneously propagating cleavage from the modified layer 20.

An article includes a ceramic material and features a machined surface that is characteristic of cold ablation laser machining, and the machined surface exhibits no visible oxidation. A laser machining apparatus and technique is based on cold-ablation, but is modified or augmented with an inert assist gas to minimize deleterious surface modifications and mitigate oxide formation associated with laser machining.

The present disclosure relates to the manufacture of silicon nitride implants with increased surface roughness and porosity.

The present disclosure relates to the manufacture of silicon nitride implants with increased surface roughness and porosity.

An extrusion system (100) includes at least one sensor (102, 104) to detect localized presence of oil (701) on an exterior surface (715) or skin of wet extrudate material (714 e.g., ceramic material having a honeycomb cross-sectional shape), and at least one infrared emitting device (106, 108) configured to impinge infrared emissions on at least a portion of the exterior surface responsive to one or more sensor signals. Localized impingement of infrared emissions may reduce presence of oil streaks (701) without undue differential drying of the extrudate skin (715), and avoid surface fissures that would otherwise result in fired ceramic bodies. Separately controllable infrared emitters (502), or at least one controllable infrared blocking or redirecting element (603), may be used to impinge infrared emissions on selected areas. A humidification section (120) arranged downstream of infrared emitters (106, 108) may be used to at least partially rehydrate the wet extrudate material, if necessary.