A series of three chemical reactions, including a combination of endothermic and exothermic reactions, is used to generate, store, and supply on-demand heat from renewable energy sources for use in a variety of processes. Products from one reaction are used in the next reaction, and the series of three reactions is carried out once or more than once, optionally as a closed loop process.

A series of three chemical reactions, including a combination of endothermic and exothermic reactions, is used to generate, store, and supply on-demand heat from renewable energy sources for use in a variety of processes. Products from one reaction are used in the next reaction, and the series of three reactions is carried out once or more than once, optionally as a closed loop process.

A series of three chemical reactions, including a combination of endothermic and exothermic reactions, is used to generate, store, and supply on-demand heat from renewable energy sources for use in a variety of processes. Products from one reaction are used in the next reaction, and the series of three reactions is carried out once or more than once, optionally as a closed loop process.

Disclosed is a Sabatier reactor apparatus including a carbon sorbent bed having an inlet for introducing a reactant stream to the carbon sorbent bed and an outlet for exiting a treated reactant stream from the carbon sorbent bed; and a Sabatier reactor having an inlet for introducing the treated reactant stream to the Sabatier reactor and an outlet for removing a product stream from the Sabatier reactor. Also disclosed is a method of preparing a reactant stream for a Sabatier reactor.

Disclosed is a Sabatier reactor apparatus including a carbon sorbent bed having an inlet for introducing a reactant stream to the carbon sorbent bed and an outlet for exiting a treated reactant stream from the carbon sorbent bed; and a Sabatier reactor having an inlet for introducing the treated reactant stream to the Sabatier reactor and an outlet for removing a product stream from the Sabatier reactor. Also disclosed is a method of preparing a reactant stream for a Sabatier reactor.

Disclosed is a Sabatier reactor apparatus including a carbon sorbent bed having an inlet for introducing a reactant stream to the carbon sorbent bed and an outlet for exiting a treated reactant stream from the carbon sorbent bed; and a Sabatier reactor having an inlet for introducing the treated reactant stream to the Sabatier reactor and an outlet for removing a product stream from the Sabatier reactor. Also disclosed is a method of preparing a reactant stream for a Sabatier reactor.

A process for preparing C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 hydrocarbons includes introducing a feed stream into a reaction zone of a reactor, the feed stream including hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide. An additional stream is introduced into the reaction zone of the reactor, the additional stream comprising water, carbon dioxide, or mixtures thereof. A combined stream that includes the feed stream and the additional stream is converted into a product stream comprising C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 hydrocarbons in the reaction zone in the presence of a hybrid catalyst. The hybrid catalyst includes a metal oxide catalyst component, and a microporous catalyst component.

A process for preparing C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 hydrocarbons includes introducing a feed stream into a reaction zone of a reactor, the feed stream including hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide. An additional stream is introduced into the reaction zone of the reactor, the additional stream comprising water, carbon dioxide, or mixtures thereof. A combined stream that includes the feed stream and the additional stream is converted into a product stream comprising C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 hydrocarbons in the reaction zone in the presence of a hybrid catalyst. The hybrid catalyst includes a metal oxide catalyst component, and a microporous catalyst component.

One variation of a diamond composition includes carbon: including a first amount of carbon-13 isotopes and a second amount of carbon-12 isotopes; and sourced from a hydrocarbon mixture including hydrocarbons and formed via methanation of a carbon dioxide mixture. The carbon dioxide mixture: sourced from a sample of air including carbon dioxide and impurities; conveyed through a separation unit configured to remove impurities; including carbon dioxide and impurities; conveyed through a distillation column configured to regulate amounts of carbon-13 isotopes and carbon-12 isotopes; and exhibiting a target ratio of carbon-13 isotopes to carbon-12 isotopes at an outlet of the distillation column. The diamond composition: formed via chemical vapor deposition; and exhibiting an isotopic signature defining a final ratio of the first amount of carbon-13 isotopes to the second amount of carbon-12 isotopes within a first target range corresponding to the target ratio exhibited by the carbon dioxide mixture.

One variation of a diamond composition includes carbon: including a first amount of carbon-13 isotopes and a second amount of carbon-12 isotopes; and sourced from a hydrocarbon mixture including hydrocarbons and formed via methanation of a carbon dioxide mixture. The carbon dioxide mixture: sourced from a sample of air including carbon dioxide and impurities; conveyed through a separation unit configured to remove impurities; including carbon dioxide and impurities; conveyed through a distillation column configured to regulate amounts of carbon-13 isotopes and carbon-12 isotopes; and exhibiting a target ratio of carbon-13 isotopes to carbon-12 isotopes at an outlet of the distillation column. The diamond composition: formed via chemical vapor deposition; and exhibiting an isotopic signature defining a final ratio of the first amount of carbon-13 isotopes to the second amount of carbon-12 isotopes within a first target range corresponding to the target ratio exhibited by the carbon dioxide mixture.