A method of inhibiting the conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and lowering TMAO by providing a composition comprising a compound set forth in Formula (I):

##STR00001##

A method of inhibiting the conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and lowering TMAO by providing a composition comprising a compound set forth in Formula (I):

##STR00001##

A device and a process to propagate molecular growth of hydrocarbons, either straight or branched chain structures, that naturally occur in the gas phase of a first gas to gas phase molecules of a second gas having higher molecular chain lengths than the hydrocarbons of the first gas. According to one embodiment, the device includes a grounded reactor vessel having a gas inlet, a product outlet, and an electrode within the vessel; a power supply coupled to the electrode for creating an electrostatic field within the vessel for converting the first gas to a second gas.

A device and a process to propagate molecular growth of hydrocarbons, either straight or branched chain structures, that naturally occur in the gas phase of a first gas to gas phase molecules of a second gas having higher molecular chain lengths than the hydrocarbons of the first gas. According to one embodiment, the device includes a grounded reactor vessel having a gas inlet, a product outlet, and an electrode within the vessel; a power supply coupled to the electrode for creating an electrostatic field within the vessel for converting the first gas to a second gas.

The present disclosure provides a method for producing a reaction gas containing R-1132(E) with selectivity higher than that of known methods. Specifically, the present disclosure provides a method for producing a reaction gas containing (E)-1,2-difluoroethylene (R-1132(E)), (1) the method comprising a step of subjecting a starting material gas containing one or more fluoromethanes selected from the group consisting of chlorodifluoromethane (R-22), difluoromethane (R-32), and fluoromethane (R-41) to a reaction that involves thermal decomposition to obtain the reaction gas, and (2) the starting material gas having a water vapor content of 1 volume % or less.

The present disclosure provides a method for producing a reaction gas containing R-1132(E) with selectivity higher than that of known methods. Specifically, the present disclosure provides a method for producing a reaction gas containing (E)-1,2-difluoroethylene (R-1132(E)), (1) the method comprising a step of subjecting a starting material gas containing one or more fluoromethanes selected from the group consisting of chlorodifluoromethane (R-22), difluoromethane (R-32), and fluoromethane (R-41) to a reaction that involves thermal decomposition to obtain the reaction gas, and (2) the starting material gas having a water vapor content of 1 volume % or less.

Provided are a method for efficiently producing an asymmetric conjugated diyne from an inexpensive and safe alternative compound to hydroxylamine hydrochloride and a method for producing a Z,Z-conjugated diene compound from the asymmetric conjugated diyne compound thus obtained. More specifically, provided is a method for producing an asymmetric conjugated diyne compound comprising a step of subjecting a terminal alkyne compound (1): HC≡C—Z.sup.1—Y.sup.1 to a coupling reaction with an alkynyl halide (2): Y.sup.2—Z.sup.2—C≡C—X by using sodium borohydride in water and an organic solvent in the presence of a copper catalyst and a base to obtain the asymmetric conjugated diyne compound (3): Y.sup.2—Z.sup.2—C≡C—C≡C—Z.sup.1—Y.sup.1. In addition, provided is a method for producing a Z,Z-conjugated diene compound by reducing the resulting asymmetric conjugated diyne compound, or the like.

Provided are a method for efficiently producing an asymmetric conjugated diyne from an inexpensive and safe alternative compound to hydroxylamine hydrochloride and a method for producing a Z,Z-conjugated diene compound from the asymmetric conjugated diyne compound thus obtained. More specifically, provided is a method for producing an asymmetric conjugated diyne compound comprising a step of subjecting a terminal alkyne compound (1): HC≡C—Z.sup.1—Y.sup.1 to a coupling reaction with an alkynyl halide (2): Y.sup.2—Z.sup.2—C≡C—X by using sodium borohydride in water and an organic solvent in the presence of a copper catalyst and a base to obtain the asymmetric conjugated diyne compound (3): Y.sup.2—Z.sup.2—C≡C—C≡C—Z.sup.1—Y.sup.1. In addition, provided is a method for producing a Z,Z-conjugated diene compound by reducing the resulting asymmetric conjugated diyne compound, or the like.

A method of inhibiting the conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and lowering TMAO by providing a composition comprising a compound set forth in Formula (I): ##STR00001##

A method of inhibiting the conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and lowering TMAO by providing a composition comprising a compound set forth in Formula (I): ##STR00001##