In some embodiments, a process for producing a cyclic olefin includes introducing a polymer to a metathesis catalyst in a reaction vessel under reaction conditions. The process includes obtaining a cyclic olefin product comprising the cyclic olefin. In some embodiments, a process for producing a cyclic olefin includes introducing an article comprising a polymer to a metathesis catalyst in a reaction vessel under reaction conditions. The process includes obtaining a cyclic olefin product comprising the cyclic olefin.

In some embodiments, a process for producing a cyclic olefin includes introducing a polymer to a metathesis catalyst in a reaction vessel under reaction conditions. The process includes obtaining a cyclic olefin product comprising the cyclic olefin. In some embodiments, a process for producing a cyclic olefin includes introducing an article comprising a polymer to a metathesis catalyst in a reaction vessel under reaction conditions. The process includes obtaining a cyclic olefin product comprising the cyclic olefin.

Selective conversion from cyclohexene to methylcyclopentene can occur via skeletal isomerization reaction under mild temperature and near atmospheric pressure with the existence of a catalyst structure as described herein. The catalyst structure includes a porous zeolite as the support and one or more loaded metals to further modify its acidity and pore structures. Industrially available cyclohexene feedstock can be effectively converted to a high value-added product methylcyclopentene with over 90 wt % conversion and 95 wt % selectivity, which is highly profitable for potential application in the fine chemical industry.

Selective conversion from cyclohexene to methylcyclopentene can occur via skeletal isomerization reaction under mild temperature and near atmospheric pressure with the existence of a catalyst structure as described herein. The catalyst structure includes a porous zeolite as the support and one or more loaded metals to further modify its acidity and pore structures. Industrially available cyclohexene feedstock can be effectively converted to a high value-added product methylcyclopentene with over 90 wt % conversion and 95 wt % selectivity, which is highly profitable for potential application in the fine chemical industry.

Provided is a separation membrane that is suitable for use in separating one or more hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon mixture. More specifically, the separation membrane includes a porous support for which acid content is not substantially detected by ammonia temperature programmed desorption in a temperature range of higher than 450° C. and not higher than 600° C. and a porous separation layer containing a zeolite that is disposed on the porous support.

Provided is a separation membrane that is suitable for use in separating one or more hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon mixture. More specifically, the separation membrane includes a porous support for which acid content is not substantially detected by ammonia temperature programmed desorption in a temperature range of higher than 450° C. and not higher than 600° C. and a porous separation layer containing a zeolite that is disposed on the porous support.

The present invention provides lymphatic system-directing lipid prodrugs, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, methods of producing such prodrugs and compositions, as well as methods of improving the bioavailability or other properties of a therapeutic agent that comprises part of the lipid prodrug. The present invention also provides methods of treating a disease, disorder, or condition such as those disclosed herein, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided lipid prodrug or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.

Embodiments of a system and method are disclosed for obtaining high-energy fuels. In some embodiments, the system and method produces one or more fused cyclic compounds that can include one or more bridging points. The fused cyclic compounds are suitable for use as a high-energy fuels, and may be derived from biomass.

Embodiments of a system and method are disclosed for obtaining high-energy fuels. In some embodiments, the system and method produces one or more fused cyclic compounds that can include one or more bridging points. The fused cyclic compounds are suitable for use as a high-energy fuels, and may be derived from biomass.

The application relates to processes and systems that use a furfural compound for producing five-membered carbocyclic rings that are unsaturated, such as cyclopentene and cyclopentadiene. Examples methods for conversion of furfural compounds may include converting a furfural compound to at least a five-membered, saturated carbocyclic ring, and converting the five-membered, saturated carbocyclic ring in a presence of a catalyst to at least a five-membered, unsaturated carbocyclic ring.