Organosilicon Lewis acids supported on activated oxides and metal oxo complexes grafted on the organosilicon Lewis acids as heterogeneous catalysts and the related compositions, methods and systems are described. These organosilicon Lewis acids and the grafted metal oxo complexes catalyze industrially important chemical reactions including, respectively, C—F bond activation and olefin metathesis reactions such as homocoupling and polymerizations.

Organosilicon Lewis acids supported on activated oxides and metal oxo complexes grafted on the organosilicon Lewis acids as heterogeneous catalysts and the related compositions, methods and systems are described. These organosilicon Lewis acids and the grafted metal oxo complexes catalyze industrially important chemical reactions including, respectively, C—F bond activation and olefin metathesis reactions such as homocoupling and polymerizations.

A novel organic compound that is highly convenient, useful, or reliable is provided. The organic compound is represented by General Formula (G1). Note that at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.26 represents deuterium. At least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.7 represents any one of an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a trialkylsilyl group, and an aryl group. The others of R.sup.1 to R.sup.7 each independently represent any one of hydrogen, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a trialkylsilyl group, and an aryl group. R.sup.8 to R.sup.26 each independently represent any one of hydrogen, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a trialkylsilyl group, and an aryl group. The alkyl group has 3 to 10 carbon atoms, the cycloalkyl group has 3 to 10 carbon atoms, the trialkylsilyl group has 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and the aryl group has 6 to 25 carbon atoms.

A novel organic compound that is highly convenient, useful, or reliable is provided. The organic compound is represented by General Formula (G1). Note that at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.26 represents deuterium. At least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.7 represents any one of an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a trialkylsilyl group, and an aryl group. The others of R.sup.1 to R.sup.7 each independently represent any one of hydrogen, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a trialkylsilyl group, and an aryl group. R.sup.8 to R.sup.26 each independently represent any one of hydrogen, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a trialkylsilyl group, and an aryl group. The alkyl group has 3 to 10 carbon atoms, the cycloalkyl group has 3 to 10 carbon atoms, the trialkylsilyl group has 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and the aryl group has 6 to 25 carbon atoms.

Disclosed is a novel adamantine derivative compound, an isomer thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, prodrug thereof, hydrate thereof or a solvate thereof. Also disclosed is a method for preparing a novel adamantine derivative compound, an isomer thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, prodrug thereof, hydrate thereof or a solvate thereof. The novel adamantane derivative compound or the like has an excellent anti-androgenic effect.

Disclosed is a novel adamantine derivative compound, an isomer thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, prodrug thereof, hydrate thereof or a solvate thereof. Also disclosed is a method for preparing a novel adamantine derivative compound, an isomer thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, prodrug thereof, hydrate thereof or a solvate thereof. The novel adamantane derivative compound or the like has an excellent anti-androgenic effect.

A method for converting cedarwood oil into high density fuels including, hydrogenating cedarwood oil in the presence of at least one hydrogenation catalyst to generate hydrogenated cedarwood oil, removing the hydrogenation catalyst from the hydrogenated cedarwood oil, purifying the hydrogenated cedarwood oil to produce a first high density fuel, isomerizing the first high density fuel in the presence of at least one acid catalyst catalyst to generate a hydrocarbon mixture including adamantanes, and distilling the adamantane mixture to produce a second alkyl-adamantane high density fuel.

A method for converting cedarwood oil into high density fuels including, hydrogenating cedarwood oil in the presence of at least one hydrogenation catalyst to generate hydrogenated cedarwood oil, removing the hydrogenation catalyst from the hydrogenated cedarwood oil, purifying the hydrogenated cedarwood oil to produce a first high density fuel, isomerizing the first high density fuel in the presence of at least one acid catalyst catalyst to generate a hydrocarbon mixture including adamantanes, and distilling the adamantane mixture to produce a second alkyl-adamantane high density fuel.

The present application relates to methods for the reduction of halogenated hydrocarbons using compounds of Formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein the reduction of the halogenated compounds is carried out, for example, under ambient conditions without the need for a transition metal containing co-factor. The present application also relates to methods of recovering precious metals using compounds of Formula (I) that are absorbed onto a support material.

The present application relates to methods for the reduction of halogenated hydrocarbons using compounds of Formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein the reduction of the halogenated compounds is carried out, for example, under ambient conditions without the need for a transition metal containing co-factor. The present application also relates to methods of recovering precious metals using compounds of Formula (I) that are absorbed onto a support material.