Disclosed is a process for the synthesis of fluorinated olefins, and in particularly preferred embodiments tetrafluorinated olefins having F on an unsaturated, non-terminal carbon, such as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. The preferred processes of the present invention in accordance with one embodiment generally comprise: (a) reacting a compound of formula (I)

X.sup.1X.sup.2  (I)

with a compound of formula (II)

CX.sup.1X.sup.2X.sup.3CX.sup.1═CX.sup.1X.sup.2  (II)

to produce a reaction product comprising a compound of formula (III)

CF.sub.3CHX.sup.1CH.sub.2X.sup.2  (III), and (b) exposing said compound of formula (III) to reaction conditions effective to convert said compound of formula (III) to a compound of formula (IV)

CF.sub.3CZ═CH.sub.2  (IV)

wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2, and X.sup.3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, fluorine and iodine, provided that X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 in formula (I) are not both hydrogen and Z is Cl, I, Br, or F.

Disclosed is a process for the synthesis of fluorinated olefins, and in particularly preferred embodiments tetrafluorinated olefins having F on an unsaturated, non-terminal carbon, such as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. The preferred processes of the present invention in accordance with one embodiment generally comprise: (a) reacting a compound of formula (I)

X.sup.1X.sup.2  (I)

with a compound of formula (II)

CX.sup.1X.sup.2X.sup.3CX.sup.1═CX.sup.1X.sup.2  (II)

to produce a reaction product comprising a compound of formula (III)

CF.sub.3CHX.sup.1CH.sub.2X.sup.2  (III), and (b) exposing said compound of formula (III) to reaction conditions effective to convert said compound of formula (III) to a compound of formula (IV)

CF.sub.3CZ═CH.sub.2  (IV)

wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2, and X.sup.3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, fluorine and iodine, provided that X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 in formula (I) are not both hydrogen and Z is Cl, I, Br, or F.

Disclosed is a process for the synthesis of fluorinated olefins, and in particularly preferred embodiments tetrafluorinated olefins having F on an unsaturated, non-terminal carbon, such as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. The preferred processes of the present invention in accordance with one embodiment generally comprise: (a) reacting a compound of formula (I)

X.sup.1X.sup.2  (I)

with a compound of formula (II)

CX.sup.1X.sup.2X.sup.3CX.sup.1═CX.sup.1X.sup.2  (II)

to produce a reaction product comprising a compound of formula (III)

CF.sub.3CHX.sup.1CH.sub.2X.sup.2  (III), and (b) exposing said compound of formula (III) to reaction conditions effective to convert said compound of formula (III) to a compound of formula (IV)

CF.sub.3CZ═CH.sub.2  (IV)

wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2, and X.sup.3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, fluorine and iodine, provided that X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 in formula (I) are not both hydrogen and Z is Cl, I, Br, or F.

The present invention provides a process for preparing 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane (245cb), the process comprising gas phase catalytic dehydrochlorination of a composition comprising 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,3-dichloropropane (243db) to produce an intermediate composition comprising 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-chloro-prop-1-ene (CF.sub.3CCI═CH.sub.2, 1233xf), hydrogen chloride (HCl) and, optionally, air; and gas phase catalytic fluorination with hydrogen fluoride (HF) of the intermediate composition to produce a reactor product composition comprising 245cb, HF, HCl and air; wherein the process is carried out with a co-feed of air.

The present invention provides a process for preparing 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane (245cb), the process comprising gas phase catalytic dehydrochlorination of a composition comprising 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,3-dichloropropane (243db) to produce an intermediate composition comprising 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-chloro-prop-1-ene (CF.sub.3CCI═CH.sub.2, 1233xf), hydrogen chloride (HCl) and, optionally, air; and gas phase catalytic fluorination with hydrogen fluoride (HF) of the intermediate composition to produce a reactor product composition comprising 245cb, HF, HCl and air; wherein the process is carried out with a co-feed of air.

Methods for rapid, efficient, and safe fluoridation and radiolabeling of established and new biomarkers are described. More specifically, the described herein methods may be used for fluoridation of biomarkers or to facilitate isotopic exchanges, especially .sup.19F/.sup.18F IEX, for rapid and efficient manufacturing of radiotracers, including radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET), under clinically relevant conditions.

Methods for rapid, efficient, and safe fluoridation and radiolabeling of established and new biomarkers are described. More specifically, the described herein methods may be used for fluoridation of biomarkers or to facilitate isotopic exchanges, especially .sup.19F/.sup.18F IEX, for rapid and efficient manufacturing of radiotracers, including radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET), under clinically relevant conditions.

The invention first relates to a composition comprising at least 99 wt. % of 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane and at least one compound selected from a list of additional compounds consisting of dichloropropanes, trichloropropanes, tetrachloropropanes, pentachloropropanes different from 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane, hexachloropropanes, heptachloropropanes, chloropropenes, dichloropropenes, trichloropropenes, tetrachloropropenes, pentachloropropenes and hexachloropropene, the weight content of said compound in the composition being lower than or equal to 500 ppm.

The invention first relates to a composition comprising at least 99 wt. % of 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane and at least one compound selected from a list of additional compounds consisting of dichloropropanes, trichloropropanes, tetrachloropropanes, pentachloropropanes different from 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane, hexachloropropanes, heptachloropropanes, chloropropenes, dichloropropenes, trichloropropenes, tetrachloropropenes, pentachloropropenes and hexachloropropene, the weight content of said compound in the composition being lower than or equal to 500 ppm.

A chromia-based fluorination catalyst comprising at least one additional metal selected from zinc, nickel, aluminum and magnesium in which from 0.1 to 8.0% by weight of the catalyst is in the form of one or more crystalline compounds of chromium and/or one or more crystalline compounds of the at least one additional metal. The catalyst can be used in processes for producing a fluorinated hydrocarbon.