Methods described herein enable the production of numerous molecular species through decarboxylative cross-coupling via use of photoredox and transition metal catalysts. For example, methods described herein enable the production of numerous molecular species through decarboxylative cross-coupling via use of photoredox and transition metal catalysts. A method described herein, in some embodiments, comprises providing a reaction mixture including a photoredox catalyst, a transition metal catalyst, a coupling partner and a substrate having a carboxyl group. The reaction mixture is irradiated with a radiation source resulting in cross-coupling of the substrate and coupling partner via a mechanism including decarboxylation, wherein the coupling partner is selected from the group consisting of a substituted aromatic compound and a substituted aliphatic compound.

Methods described herein enable the production of numerous molecular species through decarboxylative cross-coupling via use of photoredox and transition metal catalysts. For example, methods described herein enable the production of numerous molecular species through decarboxylative cross-coupling via use of photoredox and transition metal catalysts. A method described herein, in some embodiments, comprises providing a reaction mixture including a photoredox catalyst, a transition metal catalyst, a coupling partner and a substrate having a carboxyl group. The reaction mixture is irradiated with a radiation source resulting in cross-coupling of the substrate and coupling partner via a mechanism including decarboxylation, wherein the coupling partner is selected from the group consisting of a substituted aromatic compound and a substituted aliphatic compound.

Methods described herein enable the production of numerous molecular species through decarboxylative cross-coupling via use of photoredox and transition metal catalysts. For example, methods described herein enable the production of numerous molecular species through decarboxylative cross-coupling via use of photoredox and transition metal catalysts. A method described herein, in some embodiments, comprises providing a reaction mixture including a photoredox catalyst, a transition metal catalyst, a coupling partner and a substrate having a carboxyl group. The reaction mixture is irradiated with a radiation source resulting in cross-coupling of the substrate and coupling partner via a mechanism including decarboxylation, wherein the coupling partner is selected from the group consisting of a substituted aromatic compound and a substituted aliphatic compound.

The present application is related to an improved process for synthesising 1-(difluoromethyl)-3-iodobicyclo[1.1.1]pentane from difluoromethyl iodide and [1.1.1]propellane. Difluoromethyl iodide is made by reacting an iodide salt with chlorodifluoroacetic acid in the presence of a solvent such as sulfolane and an inorganic base, [1.1.1]propellane is synthesised by reacting 1,1-dibromo-2,2-cis(chloromethyl)cyclopropane with a reagent such as magnesium, methyllithium or phenyllithium.

The present application is related to an improved process for synthesising 1-(difluoromethyl)-3-iodobicyclo[1.1.1]pentane from difluoromethyl iodide and [1.1.1]propellane. Difluoromethyl iodide is made by reacting an iodide salt with chlorodifluoroacetic acid in the presence of a solvent such as sulfolane and an inorganic base, [1.1.1]propellane is synthesised by reacting 1,1-dibromo-2,2-cis(chloromethyl)cyclopropane with a reagent such as magnesium, methyllithium or phenyllithium.

The present application is related to an improved process for synthesising 1-(difluoromethyl)-3-iodobicyclo[1.1.1]pentane from difluoromethyl iodide and [1.1.1]propellane. Difluoromethyl iodide is made by reacting an iodide salt with chlorodifluoroacetic acid in the presence of a solvent such as sulfolane and an inorganic base, [1.1.1]propellane is synthesised by reacting 1,1-dibromo-2,2-cis(chloromethyl)cyclopropane with a reagent such as magnesium, methyllithium or phenyllithium.

The invention relates to a use of a fluorination gas, the elemental fluorine (F.sub.2) is preferably present in a high concentration, e.g. in a concentration of elemental fluorine (F.sub.2), especially of equal to much higher than 15% or even 20% by volume (i.e., at least 15% or even 20% by volume), and to a process for the manufacture of a fluorinated benzene starting from benzoic acid by direct fluorination employing a fluorination gas. The elemental fluorine (F.sub.2) is preferably present in high concentration, and subsequent decarboxylation of the benzoic acid hypofluorite obtained by direct fluorination. The process of the invention is also directed to the manufacture of benzoic acid hypofluorite by direct fluorination of benzoic acid. Especially the invention is of interest in the preparation of fluorinatedbenzene, final products and as well intermediates, for usage in agro-, pharma-, electronics-, catalyst, solvent and other functional chemical applications.

The invention relates to a use of a fluorination gas, the elemental fluorine (F.sub.2) is preferably present in a high concentration, e.g. in a concentration of elemental fluorine (F.sub.2), especially of equal to much higher than 15% or even 20% by volume (i.e., at least 15% or even 20% by volume), and to a process for the manufacture of a fluorinated benzene starting from benzoic acid by direct fluorination employing a fluorination gas. The elemental fluorine (F.sub.2) is preferably present in high concentration, and subsequent decarboxylation of the benzoic acid hypofluorite obtained by direct fluorination. The process of the invention is also directed to the manufacture of benzoic acid hypofluorite by direct fluorination of benzoic acid. Especially the invention is of interest in the preparation of fluorinatedbenzene, final products and as well intermediates, for usage in agro-, pharma-, electronics-, catalyst, solvent and other functional chemical applications.

The invention relates to a use of a fluorination gas, the elemental fluorine (F.sub.2) is preferably present in a high concentration, e.g. in a concentration of elemental fluorine (F.sub.2), especially of equal to much higher than 15% or even 20% by volume (i.e., at least 15% or even 20% by volume), and to a process for the manufacture of a fluorinated benzene starting from benzoic acid by direct fluorination employing a fluorination gas. The elemental fluorine (F.sub.2) is preferably present in high concentration, and subsequent decarboxylation of the benzoic acid hypofluorite obtained by direct fluorination. The process of the invention is also directed to the manufacture of benzoic acid hypofluorite by direct fluorination of benzoic acid. Especially the invention is of interest in the preparation of fluorinatedbenzene, final products and as well intermediates, for usage in agro-, pharma-, electronics-, catalyst, solvent and other functional chemical applications.

A polyfluoroalkyl allyl compound represented by the general formula:

CF.sub.3(CF.sub.2).sub.n(CH.sub.2CF.sub.2).sub.a(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2).sub.bCH.sub.2CH═CH.sub.2  [I]

(n: 0 to 5, a: 1 or 2, b: 0 to 3). The polyfluoroalkyl allyl compound is produced by reacting a carboxylic acid allyl adduct represented by the general formula:

CF.sub.3(CF.sub.2).sub.n(CH.sub.2CF.sub.2).sub.a(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2).sub.bCH.sub.2CHICH.sub.2OCOR′  [II]

(n, a, and b are as defined above, and R′: a C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl group) with a transition metal. This method for producing provides a polyfluoroalkyl allyl compound used as a synthetic intermediate for a fluorine-containing alkylsilane compound that can remove free iodine derived from the raw material compound, before a hydrosilylation reaction is performed, without using a metal reagent having a high environmental impact, and that has excellent handling properties.