A process for alkane chlorination comprising: (a) providing an aqueous solution comprising dissolved alkanes selected from methane, ethane or combinations thereof; (b) providing an 0.005 to 0.050 M aqueous solution of trichloroisocyanuric acid, wherein the trichloroisocyanuric acid in solution forms cyanuric acid and hypochlorous acid; and (c) contacting the aqueous solution comprising dissolved alkanes with the aqueous solution of trichloroisocyanuric acid, wherein a liquid phase reaction between the dissolved alkanes and the hypochlorous acid forms a gaseous product stream comprising at least one of chloromethane and chloroethane.

A process for alkane chlorination comprising: (a) providing an aqueous solution comprising dissolved alkanes selected from methane, ethane or combinations thereof; (b) providing an 0.005 to 0.050 M aqueous solution of trichloroisocyanuric acid, wherein the trichloroisocyanuric acid in solution forms cyanuric acid and hypochlorous acid; and (c) contacting the aqueous solution comprising dissolved alkanes with the aqueous solution of trichloroisocyanuric acid, wherein a liquid phase reaction between the dissolved alkanes and the hypochlorous acid forms a gaseous product stream comprising at least one of chloromethane and chloroethane.

A process for alkane chlorination comprising: (a) providing an aqueous solution comprising dissolved alkanes selected from methane, ethane or combinations thereof; (b) providing an 0.005 to 0.050 M aqueous solution of trichloroisocyanuric acid, wherein the trichloroisocyanuric acid in solution forms cyanuric acid and hypochlorous acid; and (c) contacting the aqueous solution comprising dissolved alkanes with the aqueous solution of trichloroisocyanuric acid, wherein a liquid phase reaction between the dissolved alkanes and the hypochlorous acid forms a gaseous product stream comprising at least one of chloromethane and chloroethane.

A process for alkane chlorination comprising: (a) providing an aqueous solution comprising dissolved alkanes selected from methane, ethane or combinations thereof; (b) providing an 0.005 to 0.050 M aqueous solution of trichloroisocyanuric acid, wherein the trichloroisocyanuric acid in solution forms cyanuric acid and hypochlorous acid; and (c) contacting the aqueous solution comprising dissolved alkanes with the aqueous solution of trichloroisocyanuric acid, wherein a liquid phase reaction between the dissolved alkanes and the hypochlorous acid forms a gaseous product stream comprising at least one of chloromethane and chloroethane.

Cavitand compositions that comprise void spaces are disclosed. The void spaces may be empty, which means that voids are free of guest molecules or atoms, or the void spaces may comprise guest molecules or atoms that are normally in their gas phase at standard temperature and pressure. These cavitands may be useful for industrial applications, such as the separation or storage of gasses. Novel cavitand compounds are also disclosed.

Cavitand compositions that comprise void spaces are disclosed. The void spaces may be empty, which means that voids are free of guest molecules or atoms, or the void spaces may comprise guest molecules or atoms that are normally in their gas phase at standard temperature and pressure. These cavitands may be useful for industrial applications, such as the separation or storage of gasses. Novel cavitand compounds are also disclosed.

A process for a continuous production of a boronic acid derivative based on a Matteson boronic ester homologation and an apparatus of performing the process are disclosed.

The present invention discloses a polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membrane and a preparation method thereof. The hollow fiber membrane comprises 30%-50% of polyvinylidene fluoride resin, 40%-60% of inorganic molecular solution in-situ pore-forming agent and 5%-20% of organic diluent. The preparation method comprises preparing the inorganic molecular solution in-situ pore-forming agent formed from organic sol, mixing the inorganic molecular solution in-situ pore-forming agent formed from the organic sol with high-molecular polymer resin and the organic diluent to obtain a material A,extruding hollow fibers through a forming mold, stretching on line by 2-3 times to obtain hollow fiber filaments, extracting the hollow fiber filaments with an organic solvent to remove all organic matters, removing inorganic matters dispersed in the hollow fiber filaments by using an acid or alkaline solution to form a porous membrane and cleaning the porous membrane, setting and performing heat treatment to obtain the polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membrane.

The present invention discloses a polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membrane and a preparation method thereof. The hollow fiber membrane comprises 30%-50% of polyvinylidene fluoride resin, 40%-60% of inorganic molecular solution in-situ pore-forming agent and 5%-20% of organic diluent. The preparation method comprises preparing the inorganic molecular solution in-situ pore-forming agent formed from organic sol, mixing the inorganic molecular solution in-situ pore-forming agent formed from the organic sol with high-molecular polymer resin and the organic diluent to obtain a material A,extruding hollow fibers through a forming mold, stretching on line by 2-3 times to obtain hollow fiber filaments, extracting the hollow fiber filaments with an organic solvent to remove all organic matters, removing inorganic matters dispersed in the hollow fiber filaments by using an acid or alkaline solution to form a porous membrane and cleaning the porous membrane, setting and performing heat treatment to obtain the polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membrane.

A rechargeable lithium cell comprising a cathode, an anode, an optional ion-permeable membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode, a non-flammable salt-retained liquefied gas electrolyte in contact with the cathode and the anode, wherein the electrolyte contains a lithium salt dissolved in or mixed with a liquefied gas solvent having a lithium salt concentration greater than 1.0 M so that the electrolyte exhibits a vapor pressure less than 1 kPa when measured at 20° C., a vapor pressure less than 60% of the vapor pressure of the liquefied gas solvent alone, a flash point at least 20 degrees Celsius higher than a flash point of the liquefied gas solvent alone, a flash point higher than 150° C., or no flash point, wherein the liquefied gas solvent is selected from methane, fluoromethane, difluoromethane, chloromethane, dichloromethane, ethane, fluoroethane, difluoroethane, tetrafluoroethane, chloroethane, dichloroethane, tetrachloroethane, propane, fluoropropane, chloropropane, ethylene, fluoroethylene, chloroethylene, or a combination thereof.