A process for alkane chlorination comprising: (a) providing an aqueous solution comprising dissolved alkanes selected from methane, ethane or combinations thereof; (b) providing an 0.005 to 0.050 M aqueous solution of trichloroisocyanuric acid, wherein the trichloroisocyanuric acid in solution forms cyanuric acid and hypochlorous acid; and (c) contacting the aqueous solution comprising dissolved alkanes with the aqueous solution of trichloroisocyanuric acid, wherein a liquid phase reaction between the dissolved alkanes and the hypochlorous acid forms a gaseous product stream comprising at least one of chloromethane and chloroethane.

A process for alkane chlorination comprising: (a) providing an aqueous solution comprising dissolved alkanes selected from methane, ethane or combinations thereof; (b) providing an 0.005 to 0.050 M aqueous solution of trichloroisocyanuric acid, wherein the trichloroisocyanuric acid in solution forms cyanuric acid and hypochlorous acid; and (c) contacting the aqueous solution comprising dissolved alkanes with the aqueous solution of trichloroisocyanuric acid, wherein a liquid phase reaction between the dissolved alkanes and the hypochlorous acid forms a gaseous product stream comprising at least one of chloromethane and chloroethane.

A process for alkane chlorination comprising: (a) providing an aqueous solution comprising dissolved alkanes selected from methane, ethane or combinations thereof; (b) providing an 0.005 to 0.050 M aqueous solution of trichloroisocyanuric acid, wherein the trichloroisocyanuric acid in solution forms cyanuric acid and hypochlorous acid; and (c) contacting the aqueous solution comprising dissolved alkanes with the aqueous solution of trichloroisocyanuric acid, wherein a liquid phase reaction between the dissolved alkanes and the hypochlorous acid forms a gaseous product stream comprising at least one of chloromethane and chloroethane.

A process for alkane chlorination comprising: (a) providing an aqueous solution comprising dissolved alkanes selected from methane, ethane or combinations thereof; (b) providing an 0.005 to 0.050 M aqueous solution of trichloroisocyanuric acid, wherein the trichloroisocyanuric acid in solution forms cyanuric acid and hypochlorous acid; and (c) contacting the aqueous solution comprising dissolved alkanes with the aqueous solution of trichloroisocyanuric acid, wherein a liquid phase reaction between the dissolved alkanes and the hypochlorous acid forms a gaseous product stream comprising at least one of chloromethane and chloroethane.

Cavitand compositions that comprise void spaces are disclosed. The void spaces may be empty, which means that voids are free of guest molecules or atoms, or the void spaces may comprise guest molecules or atoms that are normally in their gas phase at standard temperature and pressure. These cavitands may be useful for industrial applications, such as the separation or storage of gasses. Novel cavitand compounds are also disclosed.

Cavitand compositions that comprise void spaces are disclosed. The void spaces may be empty, which means that voids are free of guest molecules or atoms, or the void spaces may comprise guest molecules or atoms that are normally in their gas phase at standard temperature and pressure. These cavitands may be useful for industrial applications, such as the separation or storage of gasses. Novel cavitand compounds are also disclosed.

A process for treating a composition comprising one or more desired (hydro)halocarbons and one or more undesired halogenated hydrocarbon containing impurities so as to reduce the concentration of at least one undesired halogenated hydrocarbon containing impurity, the process comprising contacting the composition with an adsorbent comprising a carbon molecular sieve.

A process for treating a composition comprising one or more desired (hydro)halocarbons and one or more undesired halogenated hydrocarbon containing impurities so as to reduce the concentration of at least one undesired halogenated hydrocarbon containing impurity, the process comprising contacting the composition with an adsorbent comprising a carbon molecular sieve.

A rechargeable lithium cell comprising a cathode, an anode, an optional ion-permeable membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode, a non-flammable salt-retained liquefied gas electrolyte in contact with the cathode and the anode, wherein the electrolyte contains a lithium salt dissolved in or mixed with a liquefied gas solvent having a lithium salt concentration greater than 1.0 M so that the electrolyte exhibits a vapor pressure less than 1 kPa when measured at 20° C., a vapor pressure less than 60% of the vapor pressure of the liquefied gas solvent alone, a flash point at least 20 degrees Celsius higher than a flash point of the liquefied gas solvent alone, a flash point higher than 150° C., or no flash point, wherein the liquefied gas solvent is selected from methane, fluoromethane, difluoromethane, chloromethane, dichloromethane, ethane, fluoroethane, difluoroethane, tetrafluoroethane, chloroethane, dichloroethane, tetrachloroethane, propane, fluoropropane, chloropropane, ethylene, fluoroethylene, chloroethylene, or a combination thereof.

A rechargeable lithium cell comprising a cathode, an anode, an optional ion-permeable membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode, a non-flammable salt-retained liquefied gas electrolyte in contact with the cathode and the anode, wherein the electrolyte contains a lithium salt dissolved in or mixed with a liquefied gas solvent having a lithium salt concentration greater than 1.0 M so that the electrolyte exhibits a vapor pressure less than 1 kPa when measured at 20° C., a vapor pressure less than 60% of the vapor pressure of the liquefied gas solvent alone, a flash point at least 20 degrees Celsius higher than a flash point of the liquefied gas solvent alone, a flash point higher than 150° C., or no flash point, wherein the liquefied gas solvent is selected from methane, fluoromethane, difluoromethane, chloromethane, dichloromethane, ethane, fluoroethane, difluoroethane, tetrafluoroethane, chloroethane, dichloroethane, tetrachloroethane, propane, fluoropropane, chloropropane, ethylene, fluoroethylene, chloroethylene, or a combination thereof.