A process for manufacturing a mixture of straight-chain higher ethyleneamines and non-straight-chain higher ethyleneamines selected from branched higher ethyleneamines and cyclic higher ethyleneamines, or the urea derivatives thereof, includes reacting an amine-functional compound with an ethanolamine-functional compound in the presence of a carbon oxide delivering agent, wherein a) an amine-functional compound comprises a combination of straight-chain amine-functional compound and non-straight-chain amine-functional compound and is reacted with straight-chain ethanolamine-functional compound, or b) a straight-chain amine-functional compound is reacted with ethanolamine-functional compound comprising a combination of straight-chain ethanolamine-functional compound and non-straight-chain ethanolamine-functional compound, or c) an amine-functional compound comprising a combination of straight-chain amine-functional compound and non-straight-chain amine-functional compound is reacted with ethanolamine-functional compound comprising a combination of straight-chain ethanolamine-functional compound and non-straight-chain ethanolamine-functional compound.

A process for manufacturing a mixture of straight-chain higher ethyleneamines and non-straight-chain higher ethyleneamines selected from branched higher ethyleneamines and cyclic higher ethyleneamines, or the urea derivatives thereof, includes reacting an amine-functional compound with an ethanolamine-functional compound in the presence of a carbon oxide delivering agent, wherein a) an amine-functional compound comprises a combination of straight-chain amine-functional compound and non-straight-chain amine-functional compound and is reacted with straight-chain ethanolamine-functional compound, or b) a straight-chain amine-functional compound is reacted with ethanolamine-functional compound comprising a combination of straight-chain ethanolamine-functional compound and non-straight-chain ethanolamine-functional compound, or c) an amine-functional compound comprising a combination of straight-chain amine-functional compound and non-straight-chain amine-functional compound is reacted with ethanolamine-functional compound comprising a combination of straight-chain ethanolamine-functional compound and non-straight-chain ethanolamine-functional compound.

A method of preparing a 2,6 disubstituted anilines includes, reacting a 2-amino isophthalic acid diester with sufficient Grignard reagent R.sub.2CH.sub.2MgX to form the corresponding diol product, dehydrating the diol product to the corresponding dialkene; and hydrogenating the diol product to form the corresponding aniline. The 2,6 disubstituted anilines can be used to produce N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs). The NHCs can find application in various fields such as organic synthesis, catalysis and macromolecular chemistry. Palladium catalysts containing the NHCs are also described.

A method of preparing a 2,6 disubstituted anilines includes, reacting a 2-amino isophthalic acid diester with sufficient Grignard reagent R.sub.2CH.sub.2MgX to form the corresponding diol product, dehydrating the diol product to the corresponding dialkene; and hydrogenating the diol product to form the corresponding aniline. The 2,6 disubstituted anilines can be used to produce N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs). The NHCs can find application in various fields such as organic synthesis, catalysis and macromolecular chemistry. Palladium catalysts containing the NHCs are also described.

The present invention relates to catalytically active material, comprising grains of non-graphitizing carbon with nickel nanoparticles dispersed therein, wherein dp, the average diameter of nickel nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, D, the average distance between nickel nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 2 nm to 150 nm, and ω, the combined total mass fraction of metal in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 30 wt % to 70 wt % of the total mass of the non-graphitizing carbon grains, and wherein dp, D and ω conform to the following relation: 4.5 dp/ω>D≥0.25 dp/ω. The present invention, further, relates to a process for the manufacture of material according to the invention, as well as its use as a catalyst.

The present invention relates to catalytically active material, comprising grains of non-graphitizing carbon with nickel nanoparticles dispersed therein, wherein dp, the average diameter of nickel nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, D, the average distance between nickel nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 2 nm to 150 nm, and ω, the combined total mass fraction of metal in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 30 wt % to 70 wt % of the total mass of the non-graphitizing carbon grains, and wherein dp, D and ω conform to the following relation: 4.5 dp/ω>D≥0.25 dp/ω. The present invention, further, relates to a process for the manufacture of material according to the invention, as well as its use as a catalyst.

The present invention provides novel Ruthenium-based transition metal complex catalysts comprising specific ligands, their preparation and their use in hydrogenation processes. Such complex catalysts are inexpensive, thermally robust, and olefin selective.

The present invention provides novel Ruthenium-based transition metal complex catalysts comprising specific ligands, their preparation and their use in hydrogenation processes. Such complex catalysts are inexpensive, thermally robust, and olefin selective.

The present invention provides novel Ruthenium-based transition metal complex catalysts comprising specific ligands, their preparation and their use in hydrogenation processes. Such complex catalysts are inexpensive, thermally robust, and olefin selective.

A method of making antidegradant compounds is disclosed, in which a p-phenylenediamine is reacted with an alpha-hydroxy carbonyl compound to thereby obtain an enediamine, which is reduced to thereby obtain a mixture comprising the antidegradant compound.