The present disclosure relates to an OLED that includes a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; a first emitting material layer including a first host being an anthracene derivative and a first dopant being a pyrene derivative and positioned between the first and second electrodes; and a first electron blocking layer including an electron blocking material of an amine derivative including a polycyclic aryl group and positioned between the first electrode and the first emitting material layer, wherein at least one of hydrogen atoms in the anthracene derivative and the pyrene derivative is deuterated.

Herein is described the conversion of deoxynybomycin (DNM), a natural product and DNA gyrase inhibitor with minimal cytotoxicity, into a compound (Formula I) that has anticancer activity. Detailed in vitro and cell culture experiments demonstrate that these compounds inhibit Top2 and also act upon topoisomerase I. Similar approaches are applicable to other classes of gyrase inhibitors and other antibacterial targets for discovery of new anticancer drugs. ##STR00001##

Provided are a method for producing a peptide compound including a step of using a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound represented by Formula (1); a protective group-forming reagent including the compound; and the compound. In Formula (1), a ring A represents a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring, Y.sup.A's each independently represent —OH, —NHR, —SH, or —X.sup.0, where X.sup.0 represents Cl, Br, or I, R.sup.A and R.sup.C each independently represent an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an organic group having an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, R.sup.Bs' each independently represent a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a (1+c)-valent aromatic group, or a (1+c)-valent heteroaromatic group, where, in a case where both a and c is 0, R.sup.B is a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and the number of carbon atoms in at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon group is 12 or more.

##STR00001##

Provided are a method for producing a peptide compound including a step of using a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound represented by Formula (1); a protective group-forming reagent including the compound; and the compound. In Formula (1), a ring A represents a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring, Y.sup.A's each independently represent —OH, —NHR, —SH, or —X.sup.0, where X.sup.0 represents Cl, Br, or I, R.sup.A and R.sup.C each independently represent an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an organic group having an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, R.sup.Bs' each independently represent a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a (1+c)-valent aromatic group, or a (1+c)-valent heteroaromatic group, where, in a case where both a and c is 0, R.sup.B is a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and the number of carbon atoms in at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon group is 12 or more.

##STR00001##

The application relates to a strongly-polarized molecule of the following general formula: wherein A denotes a group having a polarizability greater than 2 C.Math.m.sup.2/V; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are respectively hydrogen, halogen, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a carboxyl group, a C.sub.1-12 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-12 alkoxy group, a halogenated C.sub.1-12 alkyl group, a halogenated C.sub.1-12 alkoxy group, a hydroxyl C.sub.1-12 alkyl group, a hydroxyl C.sub.1-12 alkoxy group, or a C.sub.1-12 alkyl amino group; x.sub.1 and x.sub.2 denote 0 or an integer no less than 1, respectively; and y.sub.1 and y.sub.2 denote 0 or an integer no less than 1, respectively. The application further relates to a strongly-polarized molecule-graphene molecule heterojunction, and a single molecule field effect transistor comprising a substrate, a gate, a dielectric layer and the strongly-polarized molecule-graphene molecule heterojunction; and the dielectric layer is located between the gate and the strongly-polarized molecule-graphene molecule heterojuction. The single molecule field effect transistor provided by the application can realize highly-efficient gate modulation.

##STR00001##

The application relates to a strongly-polarized molecule of the following general formula: wherein A denotes a group having a polarizability greater than 2 C.Math.m.sup.2/V; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are respectively hydrogen, halogen, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a carboxyl group, a C.sub.1-12 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-12 alkoxy group, a halogenated C.sub.1-12 alkyl group, a halogenated C.sub.1-12 alkoxy group, a hydroxyl C.sub.1-12 alkyl group, a hydroxyl C.sub.1-12 alkoxy group, or a C.sub.1-12 alkyl amino group; x.sub.1 and x.sub.2 denote 0 or an integer no less than 1, respectively; and y.sub.1 and y.sub.2 denote 0 or an integer no less than 1, respectively. The application further relates to a strongly-polarized molecule-graphene molecule heterojunction, and a single molecule field effect transistor comprising a substrate, a gate, a dielectric layer and the strongly-polarized molecule-graphene molecule heterojunction; and the dielectric layer is located between the gate and the strongly-polarized molecule-graphene molecule heterojuction. The single molecule field effect transistor provided by the application can realize highly-efficient gate modulation.

##STR00001##

Inhibitors of human topoisomerase II (Top2) are the backbone of numerous cancer chemotherapy regimens. Unfortunately, the onset of toxicity severely limits the utility of these powerful drugs. There is some conservation between human Top2 and bacterial homologues (DNA gyrase and TopoIV). Thus, the conversion of antibacterial topoisomerase inhibitors into antineoplastic agents is an intriguing strategy for anticancer compounds. Herein is described the conversion of deoxynybomycin (DNM), a natural product and DNA gyrase inhibitor with minimal cytotoxicity, into a compound that has anticancer activity. Detailed in vitro and cell culture experiments demonstrate that these compounds inhibit Top2 and also act upon topoisomerase I. Similar approaches are applicable to other classes of gyrase inhibitors and other antibacterial targets for discovery of new anticancer drugs.

Provided herein are naphthylic derivative compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, that are useful for inhibiting cancers. Also provided herein are methods of using effective amounts of said compounds, optionally with pharmaceutical carriers, for the treatment of cancers within human subjects.

Provided herein are naphthylic derivative compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, that are useful for inhibiting cancers. Also provided herein are methods of using effective amounts of said compounds, optionally with pharmaceutical carriers, for the treatment of cancers within human subjects.

The present invention relates to a method for the reductive amination of a carbonyl compound, comprising one or more carbonyl groups amenable to reductive amination, forming the corresponding primary amine, characterized in that the reaction is carried out in the presence of a homogeneously dissolved catalyst complex K, comprising at least one metal atom from Group 8, 9 or 10 of the periodic table, bearing a bidentate phosphane ligand, a carbonyl ligand, a neutral ligand and a hydride ligand, and also an acid as co-catalyst.