Disclosed are compounds of Formulas (I), (II), (III), (IV), and (V): ##STR00001##
and/or a salt thereof, wherein R.sub.1 is —OH or —OP(O)(OH).sub.2, and X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, R.sub.2, R.sub.2a, R.sub.a, R.sub.b, and R.sub.c are defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of using such compounds as selective agonists for G protein-coupled receptor S1P.sub.1, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. These compounds are useful in treating, preventing, or slowing the progression of diseases or disorders in a variety of therapeutic areas, such as autoimmune diseases and vascular disease.

Disclosed are compounds of Formulas (I), (II), (III), (IV), and (V): ##STR00001##
and/or a salt thereof, wherein R.sub.1 is —OH or —OP(O)(OH).sub.2, and X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, R.sub.2, R.sub.2a, R.sub.a, R.sub.b, and R.sub.c are defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of using such compounds as selective agonists for G protein-coupled receptor S1P.sub.1, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. These compounds are useful in treating, preventing, or slowing the progression of diseases or disorders in a variety of therapeutic areas, such as autoimmune diseases and vascular disease.

Provided is a process for the formation of nitrated compounds by the nitration of hydrocarbon compounds with dilute nitric acid. Also provided are processes for preparing industrially useful downstream derivatives of the nitrated compounds, as well as novel nitrated compounds and derivatives, and methods of using the derivatives in various applications.

Provided is a process for the formation of nitrated compounds by the nitration of hydrocarbon compounds with dilute nitric acid. Also provided are processes for preparing industrially useful downstream derivatives of the nitrated compounds, as well as novel nitrated compounds and derivatives, and methods of using the derivatives in various applications.

The present disclosure provides a new procedure for preparing a key intermediate for active pharmaceutical ingredients useful in the treatment of diseases related to the central nervous system.

The present disclosure provides a new procedure for preparing a key intermediate for active pharmaceutical ingredients useful in the treatment of diseases related to the central nervous system.

Disclosed herein are secondary amine compounds that inhibit tRNA synthetase. The compounds of the invention are useful in inhibiting tRNA synthetase in Gram-negative bacteria and are useful in killing Gram-negative bacteria. The secondary amine compounds of the invention are also useful in the treatment of tuberculosis.

Provided is a method of purifying a terpenoid amino alcohol derivative, including providing a crude terpenoid amino alcohol derivative; performing an acid/base crystallization process of the crude terpenoid amino alcohol derivative to obtain an organic salt; and reacting the organic salt with NaOH and toluene to obtain a purified terpenoid amino alcohol derivative. Also provided is a method of preparing p-mentha-2,8-diene-1-ol from the purified terpenoid amino alcohol derivative.

Provided is a method of purifying a terpenoid amino alcohol derivative, including providing a crude terpenoid amino alcohol derivative; performing an acid/base crystallization process of the crude terpenoid amino alcohol derivative to obtain an organic salt; and reacting the organic salt with NaOH and toluene to obtain a purified terpenoid amino alcohol derivative. Also provided is a method of preparing p-mentha-2,8-diene-1-ol from the purified terpenoid amino alcohol derivative.

The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a cognitive disease or disorder, comprising a compound represented by Formula (I), an enantiomer thereof a diastereomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.