A pharmaceutical or food composition including alverine, 4-hydroxy alverine, a derivative thereof, or a salt thereof and their uses are disclosed. The composition is useful for preventing, alleviating, or treating muscular weakness-related diseases. When myoblasts are treated with the alverine, 4-hydroxy alverine, derivative thereof, or salt thereof, differentiation into myotubes is promoted. Therefore, the alverine, 4-hydroxy alverine, derivative thereof, or salt thereof can be effectively used in the promotion of differentiation of myoblasts and the prevention, alleviation, or treatment of muscular weakness-related diseases.

A process for the preparation of substituted 3-(1-amino-2-methylpentane-3-yl)phenyl compounds which has advantages over conventional processes with respect to higher conversions and yields, flexibility, a shorter overall route, environmentally acceptable conditions, influence of stereoselectivity such as diastereoselectivity in a targeted manner and at least partial suppression of the formation of undesired side-products and/or undesired stereoisomers, in particular undesired diastereomers.

A process for the preparation of substituted 3-(1-amino-2-methylpentane-3-yl)phenyl compounds which has advantages over conventional processes with respect to higher conversions and yields, flexibility, a shorter overall route, environmentally acceptable conditions, influence of stereoselectivity such as diastereoselectivity in a targeted manner and at least partial suppression of the formation of undesired side-products and/or undesired stereoisomers, in particular undesired diastereomers.

A hitherto unknown crystalline form of (−)-(1R,2R)-3-(3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl)-phenol hydrochloride, pharmaceutical compositions containing the new crystalline form, methods of producing the new crystalline form, and a related method of use including treatment of, e.g., pain and/or urinary incontinence.

A hitherto unknown crystalline form of (−)-(1R,2R)-3-(3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl)-phenol hydrochloride, pharmaceutical compositions containing the new crystalline form, methods of producing the new crystalline form, and a related method of use including treatment of, e.g., pain and/or urinary incontinence.

A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) and of a acid salt (T) wherein R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, are, independently of each other, selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7, are independently of each other, selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl, and wherein the acid salt is a 2,3-Ditoluoyl tartaric acid salt, 2,3-Dibenzoyl tartaric acid salt, 2,3-Dianisoyl tartaric acid salt, 2,3-Dibenzoyl tartaric acid mono(dimethylamide) salt or a mixture of two or more thereof, wherein the tartaric acid salt (T) of the compound of formula (I) contains at least 90% by weight of the tartaric salt of the compound of formula (Ia) based on the total weight of the acid salt of the compound of formula (I).

##STR00001##

A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) and of a acid salt (T) wherein R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, are, independently of each other, selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7, are independently of each other, selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl, and wherein the acid salt is a 2,3-Ditoluoyl tartaric acid salt, 2,3-Dibenzoyl tartaric acid salt, 2,3-Dianisoyl tartaric acid salt, 2,3-Dibenzoyl tartaric acid mono(dimethylamide) salt or a mixture of two or more thereof, wherein the tartaric acid salt (T) of the compound of formula (I) contains at least 90% by weight of the tartaric salt of the compound of formula (Ia) based on the total weight of the acid salt of the compound of formula (I).

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of (1R,2R)-3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)-phenol.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of (1R,2R)-3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)-phenol.

The present invention provides a rigid cartridge for multiple and universal application of all machining processes. The rigid cartridge includes a cylindrical body, a guiding and locating body connected to bottom side of cylindrical body, and a combination screw having a left hand [LH] thread and a right hand [RH] thread, wherein the cylindrical body includes a flat for locking the cartridge with the cutter body using locking screws, wherein the combination screw is connected to the bottom end of said guiding and locating body. The LH thread can be provided in cartridge side and RH thread can be provided in cutter body side or vice versa. In the cutter body or boring bar, a slot and/or approach hole can be provided in the cutter body for enabling to rotate the combination screw in clockwise or anti-clockwise direction to move the cartridge in forward and backward direction with respect to the cutter body.