The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I) wherein: wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, R.sup.11 and G are as defined herein; and wherein the compound of formula (I) is optionally present as an agrochemically acceptable salt thereof. These compounds are thought to be suitable for use as herbicides. The invention therefore also relates to a method of controlling weeds, especially grassy monocotyledonous weeds, in crops of useful plants, comprising applying a compound of formula (I), or a herbicidal composition comprising such a compound, to the plants or to the locus thereof.

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It is related to compounds used as autophagy modulators and a method for preparing and using the same, specifically providing a compound of general formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which is a type of autophagy modulators, particularly mammalian ATG8 homologues modulators. ##STR00001##

A phenalene-1-one compound, a photosensitizer composition including the phenalene-1-one compound, an article including the phenalene-1-one compound and/or photosensitizer composition and the use thereof.

Aspects of the present invention are directed to structurally modified opioids (SMOs) that result in improved modulating activity at the NMDAR and improved PK and PD parameters over existing drugs with NMDAR modulating activity. The structural modifications of an opioid or opioid enantiomer that result in the SMOs can be obtained by starting the synthetic process de novo; by modifying the synthetic process for the opioid at any intermediate step during the synthesis of the racemate or of one enantiomer; or by modifying the structure of the opioid or opioid enantiomer after the synthesis. The nitric acid ester substitutions are of particular relevance, especially when associated to deuterated substitutions and/or halogen substitutions.

Aspects of the present invention are directed to structurally modified opioids (SMOs) that result in improved modulating activity at the NMDAR and improved PK and PD parameters over existing drugs with NMDAR modulating activity. The structural modifications of an opioid or opioid enantiomer that result in the SMOs can be obtained by starting the synthetic process de novo; by modifying the synthetic process for the opioid at any intermediate step during the synthesis of the racemate or of one enantiomer; or by modifying the structure of the opioid or opioid enantiomer after the synthesis. The nitric acid ester substitutions are of particular relevance, especially when associated to deuterated substitutions and/or halogen substitutions.

A phenalene-1-one compound, a photosensitizer composition including the phenalene-1-one compound, an article including the phenalene-1-one compound and/or photosensitizer composition and the use thereof.

A fluorenylaminoketone photoinitiator, a preparation method thereof, and a UV photocurable composition containing same. The photoinitiator has a compound having a structure as shown in general formula (I) or a derivative compound thereof. The fluorenylaminoketone photoinitiator may effectively improve the solubility of traditional photoinitiators and reduce the use of micromolecular active diluents, and may also have high sensitivity and good deep-layer curing. It has very good promotion effect on popularization and application of photocurable compositions, particularly colored ink systems, in the field of photocuring. A UV photocurable composition containing such a fluorenylaminoketone photoinitiator can have an advantage in terms of high sensitivity, no residue after development, good pattern integrity, no or little odor of coating layers after curing, or excellent yellowing resistance.

A fluorenylaminoketone photoinitiator, a preparation method thereof, and a UV photocurable composition containing same. The photoinitiator has a compound having a structure as shown in general formula (I) or a derivative compound thereof. The fluorenylaminoketone photoinitiator may effectively improve the solubility of traditional photoinitiators and reduce the use of micromolecular active diluents, and may also have high sensitivity and good deep-layer curing. It has very good promotion effect on popularization and application of photocurable compositions, particularly colored ink systems, in the field of photocuring. A UV photocurable composition containing such a fluorenylaminoketone photoinitiator can have an advantage in terms of high sensitivity, no residue after development, good pattern integrity, no or little odor of coating layers after curing, or excellent yellowing resistance.

Disclosed are a class of compounds as a caspase inhibitor, and in particular the compound as shown in formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the use of the compound in treating caspase-related diseases. ##STR00001##

The invention provides bupropion analogue compounds capable of inhibiting the reuptake of one or more monoamines. The compounds may selectively bind to one or more monoamine transporters, including those for dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Such compounds may be used to treat conditions that are responsive to inhibition of the reuptake of monoamines, including addiction, depression, and obesity.