A method for preparing L-carnitine using a micro-reaction system. (R)-4-halo-3-hydroxybutyrate was subjected to quaternization and hydrolysis in an aqueous trimethylamine solution in the presence of an inorganic base in a micro-channel reactor to produce the L-carnitine.

A method for preparing L-carnitine using a micro-reaction system. (R)-4-halo-3-hydroxybutyrate was subjected to quaternization and hydrolysis in an aqueous trimethylamine solution in the presence of an inorganic base in a micro-channel reactor to produce the L-carnitine.

Reaction pathways and conditions for the production of nitrogen-containing chelators, such as a glycine derivative, with reduction of ammonia byproducts. In particular, the present disclosure describes a process for the production of a nitrile intermediate by reacting a tetra-amino compound or dinitrile compound with an aldehyde and a hydrogen cyanide to form the nitrile intermediate. The nitrile intermediate may then be further processed to produce chelators at a high yield and/or a high purity.

Reaction pathways and conditions for the production of nitrogen-containing chelators, such as a glycine derivative, with reduction of ammonia byproducts. In particular, the present disclosure describes a process for the production of a nitrile intermediate by reacting a tetra-amino compound or dinitrile compound with an aldehyde and a hydrogen cyanide to form the nitrile intermediate. The nitrile intermediate may then be further processed to produce chelators at a high yield and/or a high purity.

A method of preparing a 2,6 disubstituted anilines includes, reacting a 2-amino isophthalic acid diester with sufficient Grignard reagent R.sub.2CH.sub.2MgX to form the corresponding diol product, dehydrating the diol product to the corresponding dialkene; and hydrogenating the diol product to form the corresponding aniline. The 2,6 disubstituted anilines can be used to produce N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs). The NHCs can find application in various fields such as organic synthesis, catalysis and macromolecular chemistry. Palladium catalysts containing the NHCs are also described.

A diamine monomer compound with a structural formula of

##STR00001##

wherein n.sub.1 is an integer greater than 1, forms the basis of a dielectric material with reduced dielectric losses for improved signals transmission. A method for preparing the compound, a polyimide resin made from the compound, a flexible film, and an electronic device including the polyimide resin are also disclosed. The compound has a long but flexible even numbered carbon chain and a liquid crystal unit structure. The reduced regularity and rigidity of the molecular chain make the polyimide resin convenient for film-forming. Dimensional stability is improved, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the materials is reduced, and the materials have good mechanical and thermal properties, the electron loss factor and coefficient of thermal expansion of the materials being reduced.

A diamine monomer compound with a structural formula of

##STR00001##

wherein n.sub.1 is an integer greater than 1, forms the basis of a dielectric material with reduced dielectric losses for improved signals transmission. A method for preparing the compound, a polyimide resin made from the compound, a flexible film, and an electronic device including the polyimide resin are also disclosed. The compound has a long but flexible even numbered carbon chain and a liquid crystal unit structure. The reduced regularity and rigidity of the molecular chain make the polyimide resin convenient for film-forming. Dimensional stability is improved, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the materials is reduced, and the materials have good mechanical and thermal properties, the electron loss factor and coefficient of thermal expansion of the materials being reduced.

A diamine monomer compound with a structural formula of

##STR00001##

wherein n.sub.1 is an integer greater than 1, forms the basis of a dielectric material with reduced dielectric losses for improved signals transmission. A method for preparing the compound, a polyimide resin made from the compound, a flexible film, and an electronic device including the polyimide resin are also disclosed. The compound has a long but flexible even numbered carbon chain and a liquid crystal unit structure. The reduced regularity and rigidity of the molecular chain make the polyimide resin convenient for film-forming. Dimensional stability is improved, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the materials is reduced, and the materials have good mechanical and thermal properties, the electron loss factor and coefficient of thermal expansion of the materials being reduced.

The invention provides synthetic processes and synthetic intermediate compounds that can be used to prepare therapeutic conjugates. The invention also provides methods for treating HBV and/or HDV infection in a human by administering a therapeutic conjugate prepared by the synthetic methods of the invention.

The invention provides synthetic processes and synthetic intermediate compounds that can be used to prepare therapeutic conjugates. The invention also provides methods for treating HBV and/or HDV infection in a human by administering a therapeutic conjugate prepared by the synthetic methods of the invention.