Methods of preparing fluorinated compounds by carboxylative fluorination using fluoride are contained herein. Fluorinated compounds are provided. Methods of using fluorinated compounds are contained herein.

Methods of preparing fluorinated compounds by carboxylative fluorination using fluoride are contained herein. Fluorinated compounds are provided. Methods of using fluorinated compounds are contained herein.

Methods of preparing fluorinated compounds by carboxylative fluorination using fluoride are contained herein. Fluorinated compounds are provided. Methods of using fluorinated compounds are contained herein.

Methods of preparing fluorinated compounds by carboxylative fluorination using fluoride are contained herein. Fluorinated compounds are provided. Methods of using fluorinated compounds are contained herein.

Methods of preparing fluorinated compounds by carboxylative fluorination using fluoride are contained herein. Fluorinated compounds are provided. Methods of using fluorinated compounds are contained herein.

Methods of preparing fluorinated compounds by carboxylative fluorination using fluoride are contained herein. Fluorinated compounds are provided. Methods of using fluorinated compounds are contained herein.

A fullerene derivative may be included in photoelectric devices and image sensor. Optical absorption characteristics of a thin film including the fullerene derivative may be shifted toward a short wavelength compared with those of the thin film including the unsubstituted C60 fullerene, for example, a thin film including the fullerene derivative may be associated with a peak absorption wavelength (?.sub.max) that is be shorter than that of a thin film including the unsubstituted C60 fullerene.

A fullerene derivative may be included in photoelectric devices and image sensor. Optical absorption characteristics of a thin film including the fullerene derivative may be shifted toward a short wavelength compared with those of the thin film including the unsubstituted C60 fullerene, for example, a thin film including the fullerene derivative may be associated with a peak absorption wavelength (?.sub.max) that is be shorter than that of a thin film including the unsubstituted C60 fullerene.

A fullerene derivative having a partial structure shown in the following General Formula (1) is privided.

##STR00001##

(in Formula (1), C*'s are adjacent carbon atoms that form a fullerene framework. Rf.sup.1 and Rf.sup.2 each independently represents a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and Rf.sup.1 and Rf.sup.2 may be linked to each other to form a ring structure).

A fullerene derivative having a partial structure shown in the following General Formula (1) is privided.

##STR00001##

(in Formula (1), C*'s are adjacent carbon atoms that form a fullerene framework. Rf.sup.1 and Rf.sup.2 each independently represents a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and Rf.sup.1 and Rf.sup.2 may be linked to each other to form a ring structure).