The present invention provided a process for manufacture of amantadine nitrate derivatives, and the process comprises using adamantane as the raw material to prepare amantadine nitrate derivatives via the following steps: (1) synthesis of adamantanol; (2) carboxylation of adamantanol; (3) acetylation of adamantanoic acid; (4) reduction; (5) hydrolysis of amido adamantanol and Boc protection of amino group; (6) crystallization of Boc protected amantadinol; (7) nitrate esterification of Boc protected amantadinol; (8) refining of the product of nitrate esterification; (9) Boc deprotection and salt formation; and (10) refining of amantadine nitrate hydrochloride. The amantadine nitrate derivatives have the struction of:

##STR00001##

wherein, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen, straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl. The process of this invention is efficient, cost effective, environmentally friendly, safe, reliable, and suitable for industrial production.

The present invention provided a process for manufacture of amantadine nitrate derivatives, and the process comprises using adamantane as the raw material to prepare amantadine nitrate derivatives via the following steps: (1) synthesis of adamantanol; (2) carboxylation of adamantanol; (3) acetylation of adamantanoic acid; (4) reduction; (5) hydrolysis of amido adamantanol and Boc protection of amino group; (6) crystallization of Boc protected amantadinol; (7) nitrate esterification of Boc protected amantadinol; (8) refining of the product of nitrate esterification; (9) Boc deprotection and salt formation; and (10) refining of amantadine nitrate hydrochloride. The amantadine nitrate derivatives have the struction of:

##STR00001##

wherein, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen, straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl. The process of this invention is efficient, cost effective, environmentally friendly, safe, reliable, and suitable for industrial production.

Provided is a process for producing aqueous acrylamide solution by hydrating acrylonitrile in an aqueous solution in the presence of a biocatalyst, wherein the method comprises in-line monitoring of the acrylamide synthesis reaction by FTNIR spectroscopy. Also provided are an aqueous acrylamide solution obtainable by said process and use thereof for the synthesis of polyacrylamide.

Provided is a process for producing aqueous acrylamide solution by hydrating acrylonitrile in an aqueous solution in the presence of a biocatalyst, wherein the method comprises in-line monitoring of the acrylamide synthesis reaction by FTNIR spectroscopy. Also provided are an aqueous acrylamide solution obtainable by said process and use thereof for the synthesis of polyacrylamide.

Provided is a process for producing aqueous acrylamide solution by hydrating acrylonitrile in an aqueous solution in the presence of a biocatalyst, wherein the method comprises in-line monitoring of the acrylamide synthesis reaction by FTNIR spectroscopy. Also provided are an aqueous acrylamide solution obtainable by said process and use thereof for the synthesis of polyacrylamide.

Acrylamide photoinitiators are provided, in which a photoinitiator moiety and an acrylamide are incorporated into the photoinitiator structure.

Acrylamide photoinitiators are provided, in which a photoinitiator moiety and an acrylamide are incorporated into the photoinitiator structure.

Acrylamide photoinitiators are provided, in which a photoinitiator moiety and an acrylamide are incorporated into the photoinitiator structure.

The invention relates to a thermal conversion vessel (200) used during amidification step of acetone cyanohydrin (ACH), in the industrial process for production of a methyl methacrylate (MMA) or methacrylic acid (MAA). The thermal conversion vessel (200) is used for converting an hydrolysis mixture of α-hydroxyisobutyramide (HIBAM), α-sulfatoisobutyramide (SIBAM), 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE) and methacrylique acid (MAA), into a mixture of 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE). It comprises:—at least one compartment (C1, C2, C3, . . . Ci) comprising an inner wall (206a, 206b, . . . 206i) separating said compartment into two communicating parts (C1a, C1b) by a passage provided between the bottom of said vessel and said inner wall,—said compartment having a space above said inner wall, for separating gas phase from liquid phase during thermal conversion,—said compartment being connected to an outlet valve (204a, 204b, . . . 204i). Such vessel allows obtaining a high yield thermal conversion in very safe conditions.

The invention relates to a thermal conversion vessel (200) used during amidification step of acetone cyanohydrin (ACH), in the industrial process for production of a methyl methacrylate (MMA) or methacrylic acid (MAA). The thermal conversion vessel (200) is used for converting an hydrolysis mixture of α-hydroxyisobutyramide (HIBAM), α-sulfatoisobutyramide (SIBAM), 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE) and methacrylique acid (MAA), into a mixture of 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE). It comprises:—at least one compartment (C1, C2, C3, . . . Ci) comprising an inner wall (206a, 206b, . . . 206i) separating said compartment into two communicating parts (C1a, C1b) by a passage provided between the bottom of said vessel and said inner wall,—said compartment having a space above said inner wall, for separating gas phase from liquid phase during thermal conversion,—said compartment being connected to an outlet valve (204a, 204b, . . . 204i). Such vessel allows obtaining a high yield thermal conversion in very safe conditions.