The present disclosure relates in part to novel complexes of unsymmetrical N-heterocylic carbene (NHC) ligands and group 10 or 11 metals. The present disclosure further relates to methods of electrophilic functionalization of alkynes and/or nitriles using the NHC catalysts described herein.

The present disclosure relates in part to novel complexes of unsymmetrical N-heterocylic carbene (NHC) ligands and group 10 or 11 metals. The present disclosure further relates to methods of electrophilic functionalization of alkynes and/or nitriles using the NHC catalysts described herein.

The present invention provides a method for producing -hydroxyisobutyric acid amide by hydration of acetone cyanohydrin under the presence of a catalyst composed mainly of manganese oxide using a reactor in which at least two reaction regions are connected in series, the method being characterized by comprising: a step (B) of cyclically supplying at least a portion of a reaction liquid withdrawn from at least one reaction region to a first reaction region (I) in the reactor; and a step (b1) of further cyclically supplying at least a portion of the reaction liquid withdrawn from at least one reaction region to at least one reaction region other than the first reaction region. The method is also characterized in that an oxidizing agent is supplied to at least one reaction region in the reactor.

The present invention provides a method for producing -hydroxyisobutyric acid amide by hydration of acetone cyanohydrin under the presence of a catalyst composed mainly of manganese oxide using a reactor in which at least two reaction regions are connected in series, the method being characterized by comprising: a step (B) of cyclically supplying at least a portion of a reaction liquid withdrawn from at least one reaction region to a first reaction region (I) in the reactor; and a step (b1) of further cyclically supplying at least a portion of the reaction liquid withdrawn from at least one reaction region to at least one reaction region other than the first reaction region. The method is also characterized in that an oxidizing agent is supplied to at least one reaction region in the reactor.

Process for the industrial synthesis of the compound of formula (I): ##STR00001##

Process for the industrial synthesis of the compound of formula (I): ##STR00001##

The present invention discloses a metal-catalyzed process for hydration of nitrile under the influence of the ultrasonic cavitation effect. The present invention further discloses a catalyst of formula (I), wherein the catalyst is used for process for hydration of nitrile and process for preparation thereof.
A.sub.XB.sub.YC.sub.Z Formula (I)

The present invention discloses a metal-catalyzed process for hydration of nitrile under the influence of the ultrasonic cavitation effect. The present invention further discloses a catalyst of formula (I), wherein the catalyst is used for process for hydration of nitrile and process for preparation thereof.
A.sub.XB.sub.YC.sub.Z Formula (I)