A method of inhibiting the conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and lowering TMAO by providing a composition comprising a compound set forth in Formula (I):

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Provided are: an extractant which is capable of quickly and highly efficiently extracting zirconium from an acidic solution that is obtained by acid leaching a material containing zirconium and scandium such as an SOFC electrode material; and a method for extracting zirconium, which uses this extractant. A zirconium extractant according to the present invention is composed of an amide derivative represented by general formula (I). In the formula, R1 and R2 respectively represent the same or different alkyl groups, each of which may be linear or branched; R3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; and R4 represents a hydrogen atom or an arbitrary group other than an amino group, said arbitrary group being bonded, as an amino acid, to the α carbon.

Provided are: an extractant which is capable of quickly and highly efficiently extracting zirconium from an acidic solution that is obtained by acid leaching a material containing zirconium and scandium such as an SOFC electrode material; and a method for extracting zirconium, which uses this extractant. A zirconium extractant according to the present invention is composed of an amide derivative represented by general formula (I). In the formula, R1 and R2 respectively represent the same or different alkyl groups, each of which may be linear or branched; R3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; and R4 represents a hydrogen atom or an arbitrary group other than an amino group, said arbitrary group being bonded, as an amino acid, to the α carbon.

The present disclosure relates to novel processes for the preparation of compounds of Formula I. Some of these compounds are useful as stimulators of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). Others are useful intermediates towards the preparation of said stimulators. These processes are amenable to large scale preparation and produce stable 3-(2-pyrimidinyl)pyrazoles of Formula I in high purity and yields. The present invention has the additional advantage of facile reaction conditions, amenable to scale up for large scale manufacturing. The disclosure also provides novel intermediates useful in the preparation of said compounds. ##STR00001##

Provided are processes for the preparation of (S)-tert-butyl 4,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoate, or a salt, solvate, hydrate, enantiomer, mixture of enantiomers, or isotopologue thereof. Also provided are solid forms of various intermediates and products obtained from the processes.

Provided are processes for the preparation of (S)-tert-butyl 4,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoate, or a salt, solvate, hydrate, enantiomer, mixture of enantiomers, or isotopologue thereof. Also provided are solid forms of various intermediates and products obtained from the processes.

Provided are processes for the preparation of (S)-tert-butyl 4,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoate, or a salt, solvate, hydrate, enantiomer, mixture of enantiomers, or isotopologue thereof. Also provided are solid forms of various intermediates and products obtained from the processes.

Prodrugs of itaconic acid and 1- and 4-methyl itaconic acid and their use for treating a disease, disorder, or condition associated with inflammation are disclosed.

The present disclosure relates to a compound of Formula (I)

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or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which can be incorporated into a lipid particle for delivering an active agent, such as a nucleic acid.

The present disclosure relates to a compound of Formula (I)

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or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which can be incorporated into a lipid particle for delivering an active agent, such as a nucleic acid.