The disclosure provides, inter alia, safe and environmentally-friendly methods, such as flow chemistry, to synthesize isocyanates, such as methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, and tetramethylxylene diisocyanate.

Disclosed herein are methods of preparing N.sup.6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)lysine, N.sup.6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)-L-lysine, and N.sup.6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)-D-lysine. Also disclosed herein are the compounds tert-butyl N.sup.2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-N.sup.6-((2-chloroethoxy)carbonyl)-L-lysinate and tert-butyl N.sup.6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)-N.sup.2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-lysinate, and uses thereof.

Disclosed herein are methods of preparing N.sup.6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)lysine, N.sup.6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)-L-lysine, and N.sup.6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)-D-lysine. Also disclosed herein are the compounds tert-butyl N.sup.2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-N.sup.6-((2-chloroethoxy)carbonyl)-L-lysinate and tert-butyl N.sup.6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)-N.sup.2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-lysinate, and uses thereof.

Described herein are nitroxyl progenitor compounds, and compositions including, and methods or generating, the compounds thereof, and methods of treating or preventing disease and disease symptoms using the compounds and compositions.

Disclosed herein are methods of preparing N.sup.6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)lysine, N.sup.6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)-L-lysine, and N.sup.6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)-D-lysine. Also disclosed herein are the compounds tert-butyl N.sup.2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-N.sup.6-((2-chloroethoxy)carbonyl)-L-lysinate and tert-butyl N.sup.6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)-N.sup.2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-lysinate, and uses thereof.

Disclosed herein are methods of preparing N.sup.6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)lysine, N.sup.6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)-L-lysine, and N.sup.6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)-D-lysine. Also disclosed herein are the compounds tert-butyl N.sup.2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-N.sup.6-((2-chloroethoxy)carbonyl)-L-lysinate and tert-butyl N.sup.6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)-N.sup.2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-lysinate, and uses thereof.