A method for producing a homocyclic or heterocyclic compound includes reacting a compound of formula (I) with a compound of formula (II) in presence of a base:
R.sup.1—B-G  (I) ##STR00001##
In formula (I), B is an unsaturated moiety selected from substituted or unsubstituted vinylene, ethynylene, aryleneethynylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylenevinylene, and a combination thereof, the vinylene or arylenevinylene has n (=0, 1 or 2) substituent(s) R.sup.2, G is an electron-withdrawing group, R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a substituent, and two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and G may joint together to form a ring. In formula (II), R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen or a substituent, R.sup.5 is an electron-withdrawing group, and two of R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 may joint together to form a ring. The conjugate acid of the base has a pK.sub.a in the range of 1 to 15.

A method for producing a homocyclic or heterocyclic compound includes reacting a compound of formula (I) with a compound of formula (II) in presence of a base:
R.sup.1—B-G  (I) ##STR00001##
In formula (I), B is an unsaturated moiety selected from substituted or unsubstituted vinylene, ethynylene, aryleneethynylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylenevinylene, and a combination thereof, the vinylene or arylenevinylene has n (=0, 1 or 2) substituent(s) R.sup.2, G is an electron-withdrawing group, R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a substituent, and two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and G may joint together to form a ring. In formula (II), R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen or a substituent, R.sup.5 is an electron-withdrawing group, and two of R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 may joint together to form a ring. The conjugate acid of the base has a pK.sub.a in the range of 1 to 15.

Method for preparation of 5-alkylsalicylaldoximes with formula 1, where R is a C6-C16 alkyl group, consisting in that into a water-alcohol solvent system, p-alkylphenol, sodium hydroxide, chloroform and hydroxylamine are introduced, while in relation to the alkylphenol used, sodium hydroxide and chloroform are used in amounts from the stoichiometric amount to a 100% excess, and hydroxylamine is used in amounts from the stoichiometric amount to a 60% excess, and the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 60-75° C. for 1.5-4 h, and then, at a temperature of 20-30° C., the post-reaction mixture is acidified till the pH of the aqueous phase <7.0 is obtained, and next, an alcohol-water azeotrope is distilled off with an admixture of unreacted chloroform, the residue is mixed with a neutral C5-C10 hydrocarbon solvent, the layers are separated, and the solvent is distilled off from the organic phase.

Method for preparation of 5-alkylsalicylaldoximes with formula 1, where R is a C6-C16 alkyl group, consisting in that into a water-alcohol solvent system, p-alkylphenol, sodium hydroxide, chloroform and hydroxylamine are introduced, while in relation to the alkylphenol used, sodium hydroxide and chloroform are used in amounts from the stoichiometric amount to a 100% excess, and hydroxylamine is used in amounts from the stoichiometric amount to a 60% excess, and the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 60-75° C. for 1.5-4 h, and then, at a temperature of 20-30° C., the post-reaction mixture is acidified till the pH of the aqueous phase <7.0 is obtained, and next, an alcohol-water azeotrope is distilled off with an admixture of unreacted chloroform, the residue is mixed with a neutral C5-C10 hydrocarbon solvent, the layers are separated, and the solvent is distilled off from the organic phase.

Method for preparation of 5-alkylsalicylaldoximes with formula 1, where R is a C6-C16 alkyl group, consisting in that into a water-alcohol solvent system, p-alkylphenol, sodium hydroxide, chloroform and hydroxylamine are introduced, while in relation to the alkylphenol used, sodium hydroxide and chloroform are used in amounts from the stoichiometric amount to a 100% excess, and hydroxylamine is used in amounts from the stoichiometric amount to a 60% excess, and the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 60-75° C. for 1.5-4 h, and then, at a temperature of 20-30° C., the post-reaction mixture is acidified till the pH of the aqueous phase <7.0 is obtained, and next, an alcohol-water azeotrope is distilled off with an admixture of unreacted chloroform, the residue is mixed with a neutral C5-C10 hydrocarbon solvent, the layers are separated, and the solvent is distilled off from the organic phase.

Chelation directed C—H activation reactions that are catalyzed by Pd(11) on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT), Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT), or graphene are provided. The reactions are used to directly and regioselectively or regiospecifically functionalize specific C—H bonds, e.g. to build complexity into small molecules. Features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the description of invention that follows, and in part will be apparent from the description or may be learned by practice of the invention. The invention will be realized and attained by the compositions and methods particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof.

Chelation directed C—H activation reactions that are catalyzed by Pd(11) on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT), Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT), or graphene are provided. The reactions are used to directly and regioselectively or regiospecifically functionalize specific C—H bonds, e.g. to build complexity into small molecules. Features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the description of invention that follows, and in part will be apparent from the description or may be learned by practice of the invention. The invention will be realized and attained by the compositions and methods particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof.

The present invention provides processes for the preparation of ataluren. Intermediates for preparing ataluren are also provided.

The present invention provides processes for the preparation of ataluren. Intermediates for preparing ataluren are also provided.

Disclosed is a process for performing a chemical reaction selected from reductive amination and hydrogenation of a first functional group in an organic feed substrate, which feed substrate comprises at least one further functional group containing a halogen atom, wherein the halogen atom is selected from the list consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine, and combinations thereof, in the presence of hydrogen and a heterogeneous catalyst comprising at least one metal from the list of Pd, Rh, and Ru, together with at least a second metal from the list consisting of Ag, Ni, Co, Sn, Cu and Au. The process is preferably applied for the reductive amination of 2-chloro-benzaldehyde to form 2-chloro-benzyldimethylamine, as an intermediate in the production of agrochemically active compounds and microbiocides of the methoximinophenylglyoxylic ester series. Further disclosed is a composition rich in 2-chloro-benzyldimethylamine, further comprising an amount of 2-chloro-benzyl alcohol and being low in chlorotoluene isomers.