A process for the production of organic chemicals and fuels from lignin in the presence of a molybdenum or tungsten based catalyst, comprising mixing the lignin with the catalyst and a solvent in a sealed reactor, introducing an inert gas or hydrogen to the reactor to replace oxygen therein, and heating the sealed reactor to perform a depolymerization reaction at a reaction temperature of above 200° C. to obtain liquid products, which include aromatic compounds, esters, alcohols, monophenols and benzyl alcohols.

The present invention relates to a stabilized rhenium-based heterogeneous catalyst, obtainable by a process comprising contacting a rhenium-based heterogeneous catalyst with a stabilizing agent at a temperature in a range from 0-100° C., the stabilizing agent comprising an aliphatic hydrocarbon compound and use thereof.

Olefins and diolefins, such as 1,3-butiadiene, may be produced by a method utilizing a series of bromination and dehydrobromination reactions. Bromine may be reacted with n-butane to form dibromobutane. The dibromobutanes may be dehydrobrominating to form 1,3-butadiene. The method may include reacting butene with bromine to form bromobutenes, and dehydrobrominating the bromobutenes to form 1,3-butadiene. The method may include reacting butene with hydrogen bromide in the presence of oxygen to form bromobutenes, and dehydrobrominating the bromobutenes to form 1,3-butadiene. The method may include reacting butene with bromine to form dibromobutanes, and dehydrobrominating the dibromobutanes to form 1,3-butadiene.

The invention relates to nanocatalysts composed of iron oxide nanoparticles supported on porous interconnected carbon nanosheets (CNS) fabricated from the carbonization of potassium citrate, that are remarkably active for CO.sub.2 hydrogenation and Fischer-Tropsch to Olefins (FTO) synthesis, as well as a method for directly converting CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 to C.sub.2-C.sub.4 olefins and direct FTO synthesis.

A cobalt carbide-based catalyst for direct production of olefin from synthesis gas, a preparation method therefor and application thereof are disclosed. The method for preparing the catalyst comprises the following steps: 1) mixing a cobalt source with water, or mixing a cobalt source, an electron promoter and water to obtain a first solution; and mixing a precipitant with water to obtain a second solution; 2) adding the first solution and the second solution to water, or water and a structure promoter for precipitation, crystallizing, separating, drying and calcination; and 3) reducing a solid obtained in Step 2) in a reducing atmosphere, and then carbonizing in a carbonizing atmosphere. The prepared catalyst has high activity and high selectivity to olefins for direct production of olefins via syngas conversion.

In a process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of lower alkanes to the corresponding alkenes, a regenerable catalyst comprising iron carbide supported on a carrier is used. A small amount (below 100 ppm) of a sulfur compound, such as H.sub.2S, is added during the process.

A cobalt carbide-based catalyst for direct production of olefin from synthesis gas, a preparation method therefor and application thereof are disclosed. The method for preparing the catalyst comprises the following steps: 1) mixing a cobalt source with water, or mixing a cobalt source, an electron promoter and water to obtain a first solution; and mixing a precipitant with water to obtain a second solution; 2) adding the first solution and the second solution to water, or water and a structure promoter for precipitation, crystallizing, separating, drying and calcination; and 3) reducing a solid obtained in Step 2) in a reducing atmosphere, and then carbonizing in a carbonizing atmosphere. The prepared catalyst has high activity and high selectivity to olefins for direct production of olefins via syngas conversion.

The present disclosure provides a process for producing trifluoroiodomethane (CF.sub.3I). The process may include providing a vapor-phase reactant stream comprising trifluoroacetic acid and iodine and reacting the reactant stream in the presence of a catalyst to produce a product stream comprising the trifluoroiodomethane. The catalyst includes silicon carbide.

The present disclosure provides a process for producing trifluoroiodomethane (CF.sub.3I). The process may include providing a vapor-phase reactant stream comprising trifluoroacetic acid and iodine and reacting the reactant stream in the presence of a catalyst to produce a product stream comprising the trifluoroiodomethane. The catalyst includes silicon carbide.

Disclosed are iron nanoparticles, in which at least 70% of the iron atoms they contain are present in an Fe2,2C crystalline structure. In particular, these nanoparticles can be obtained via the carburization of zero-valent iron nanoparticles, by contacting the iron nanoparticles with a gas mixture of dihydrogen and carbon monoxide. The iron carbide nanoparticles are particularly suitable to be used for hyperthermia and for catalyzing Sabatier and Fischer-Tropsch reactions.