The invention discloses a continuous process for producing high-pure quadricyclane, in which a reaction-rectification integral process or a reaction followed by rectification process may be employed. The two processes both use a novel composite catalyst which is obtained by loading an organic photo-sensitizer on a solid photocatalyst, and the composite catalyst has a high activity and a good stability. In the reaction-rectification integral process, the composite catalyst is used by being blended with rectification fillers or covering the rectification fillers, so as to achieve the integration of the reaction and the rectification. In the reaction followed by rectification process, the composite catalyst and the rectification fillers are placed separately from each other. The two processes achieve a relatively short residence time of reactants, produce highly-pure quadricyclane, and reduce the formation of cokes.

We provide a catalytic process to reduce an organic halide in a hydrocarbon, comprising: a. producing the hydrocarbon comprising the organic halide in a process unit; and b. contacting the hydrocarbon comprising the organic halide with a metal chloride under anhydrous conditions in a halide removal vessel to produce a contacted hydrocarbon having from 50-100 wt % of a total halide in the hydrocarbon removed. We also provide an apparatus for performing this process.

This application provides an apparatus for making a hydrocarbon with a reduced amount of an organic halide, comprising: a. a process unit comprising an effluent port, that produces and discharges the hydrocarbon comprising the organic halide; and b. a halide removal vessel with an inlet that feeds the hydrocarbon from the process unit, wherein the halide removal vessel comprises an anhydrous metal chloride and in which the hydrocarbon comprising the organic halide is contacted with the anhydrous metal chloride under anhydrous conditions to produce a contacted hydrocarbon having from 50-100 wt % of a total halide in the hydrocarbon removed.

A method for producing adamantane includes the steps of preparing a catalytic composition including an acidic ionic liquid and a co-catalyst and subjecting a tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene-containing component to isomerization in the presence of the catalytic composition to form adamantane. The acidic ionic liquid includes aluminum chloride and a quaternary onium compound selected from the group consisting of a quaternary ammonium halide, a quaternary phosphonium halide, and a combination thereof. The co-catalyst is an oxygen-containing reagent.

The disclosure is directed to: (a) phosphacycle ligands; (b) catalyst compositions comprising phosphacycle ligands; and (c) methods of using such phosphacycle ligands and catalyst compositions in bond forming reactions.

The invention concerns an alkane metathesis catalyst, its production and use. The catalyst comprises a Group V, VI or VII metal alkyl with the metal in its highest oxidation state, preferably Ta or W, and the alkyl of C1-C4, preferably together with alkylidene and/or alkylidyne ligands, in particular -Me, CH2 and CH, on a metal oxide support, preferably silica partially dehydroxylated at 200 or 700 C. Substrates include cycloalkanes, preferably cyclooctane.