The present invention refers to a process for a Rh-catalyzed Anti-Markovnikov hydrocyanation of terminal alkynes which process discloses, for the first time, the highly stereo- and regio-selective hydrocyanation of terminal alkynes to furnish E-configured alkenyl nitriles and the catalyst used in the present process.

The present invention refers to a process for a Rh-catalyzed Anti-Markovnikov hydrocyanation of terminal alkynes which process discloses, for the first time, the highly stereo- and regio-selective hydrocyanation of terminal alkynes to furnish E-configured alkenyl nitriles and the catalyst used in the present process.

The present invention provides: a fluorinated ether compound and a coating liquid capable of forming a surface layer excellent in water/oil repellency, abrasion resistance, fingerprint stain removability and lubricity and an article having a surface layer excellent in water/oil repellency, abrasion resistance, fingerprint stain removability and lubricity. Provided is a fluorinated ether compound represented by [R.sup.f-G-].sub.aZ[(OR.sup.2).sub.cSiR.sup.3.sub.nL.sub.3n].sub.b wherein R.sup.f: a linear polyfluoroalkyl group having at least two carbon atoms, which has at least one etheric oxygen between carbon-carbon atoms, G: R.sup.1O, R.sup.1CONH, CONH or a single bond, R.sup.1: an alkylene group, Z: a hydrocarbon group having a valence of (a+b) or the like, R.sup.2: an alkylene group, R.sup.3: a monovalent hydrocarbon group or the like, L: a hydrolyzable group, n: from 0 to 2, a: an integer of at least 1, b: an integer of at least 1, (a+b): at least 3, when a is 1, b is at least 4, and when a is at least 2, b is at least 1, and c: 0 or 1.

The present invention provides: a fluorinated ether compound and a coating liquid capable of forming a surface layer excellent in water/oil repellency, abrasion resistance, fingerprint stain removability and lubricity and an article having a surface layer excellent in water/oil repellency, abrasion resistance, fingerprint stain removability and lubricity. Provided is a fluorinated ether compound represented by [R.sup.f-G-].sub.aZ[(OR.sup.2).sub.cSiR.sup.3.sub.nL.sub.3n].sub.b wherein R.sup.f: a linear polyfluoroalkyl group having at least two carbon atoms, which has at least one etheric oxygen between carbon-carbon atoms, G: R.sup.1O, R.sup.1CONH, CONH or a single bond, R.sup.1: an alkylene group, Z: a hydrocarbon group having a valence of (a+b) or the like, R.sup.2: an alkylene group, R.sup.3: a monovalent hydrocarbon group or the like, L: a hydrolyzable group, n: from 0 to 2, a: an integer of at least 1, b: an integer of at least 1, (a+b): at least 3, when a is 1, b is at least 4, and when a is at least 2, b is at least 1, and c: 0 or 1.

The present invention refers to a process for a Rh-catalyzed Anti-Markovnikov hydrocyanation of terminal alkynes which process discloses, for the first time, the highly stereo- and regio-selective hydrocyanation of terminal alkynes to furnish E-configured alkenyl nitriles and the catalyst used in the present process.

The present invention refers to a process for a Rh-catalyzed Anti-Markovnikov hydrocyanation of terminal alkynes which process discloses, for the first time, the highly stereo- and regio-selective hydrocyanation of terminal alkynes to furnish E-configured alkenyl nitriles and the catalyst used in the present process.

The present invention provides: a fluorinated ether compound and a coating liquid capable of forming a surface layer excellent in water/oil repellency, abrasion resistance, fingerprint stain removability and lubricity and an article having a surface layer excellent in water/oil repellency, abrasion resistance, fingerprint stain removability and lubricity. Provided is a fluorinated ether compound represented by [R.sup.f-G-].sub.aZ[-(OR.sup.2).sub.cSiR.sup.3.sub.nL.sub.3-n].sub.b wherein R.sup.f: a linear polyfluoroalkyl group having at least two carbon atoms, which has at least one etheric oxygen between carbon-carbon atoms, G: R.sup.1O, R.sup.1CONH, CONH or a single bond, R.sup.1: an alkylene group, Z: a hydrocarbon group having a valence of (a+b) or the like, R.sup.2: an alkylene group, R.sup.3: a monovalent hydrocarbon group or the like, L: a hydrolyzable group, n: from 0 to 2, a: an integer of at least 1, b: an integer of at least 1, (a+b): at least 3, when a is 1, b is at least 4, and when a is at least 2, b is at least 1, and c: 0 or 1.

Disclosed is a calcination apparatus, including: a calcination tube having open ends at both terminals; a pair of hoods, each hood covering each open end of the calcination tube; and a pair of rings, each ring sealing a gap between the calcination tube and the hood, wherein the rings are directly or indirectly fixed on an outer surface of the calcination tube; a groove is provided along a circumferential direction of the ring at a contact surface side between the ring and the hood; a sealed chamber surrounded by the hood and the groove is formed; and both the calcination tube and the rings rotate in a circumferential direction of the calcination tube while keeping the hood in contact with both sides of the groove.

Disclosed is a calcination apparatus, including: a calcination tube having open ends at both terminals; a pair of hoods, each hood covering each open end of the calcination tube; and a pair of rings, each ring sealing a gap between the calcination tube and the hood, wherein the rings are directly or indirectly fixed on an outer surface of the calcination tube; a groove is provided along a circumferential direction of the ring at a contact surface side between the ring and the hood; a sealed chamber surrounded by the hood and the groove is formed; and both the calcination tube and the rings rotate in a circumferential direction of the calcination tube while keeping the hood in contact with both sides of the groove.

A process for the hydrocyanation of an organic compound containing at least one olefinic group comprising reacting the organic compound with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of a catalyst complex comprising at least one transition metal and an organic ligand containing at least one PN linkage, wherein the P and N atoms of the PN linkage are cach bonded to two other atoms.