In a method for synthesizing 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) or an N-substituted diamino derivative thereof or a salt of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene or of the N-substituted diamino derivative, a carbodiimide is reacted with a dinitromethane anion. The reaction of the carbodiimide with the dinitromethane anion takes place in a solution.

The present invention relates to systems, compositions, and methods for the synthesis and use of imaging agents, or precursors thereof. An imaging agent precursor may be converted to an imaging agent using the methods described herein. In some cases, the imaging agent is enriched in .sup.18F. In some cases, an imaging agent may be used to image an area of interest in a subject, including, but not limited to, the heart, cardiovascular system, cardiac vessels, brain, and other organs. In some embodiments, methods and compositions for assessing perfusion and innervation mismatch in a portion of a subject are provided.

The present invention relates to systems, compositions, and methods for the synthesis and use of imaging agents, or precursors thereof. An imaging agent precursor may be converted to an imaging agent using the methods described herein. In some cases, the imaging agent is enriched in .sup.18F. In some cases, an imaging agent may be used to image an area of interest in a subject, including, but not limited to, the heart, cardiovascular system, cardiac vessels, brain, and other organs. In some embodiments, methods and compositions for assessing perfusion and innervation mismatch in a portion of a subject are provided.

A raw material for forming a thin film, comprising a compound represented by General Formula (1) below. ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 represents an isopropyl group, R.sup.2 represents a methyl group, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, A represents a propane-1,2-diyl group and M represents copper, nickel, cobalt or manganese.

The present invention provides an amidinate compound represented by the following general formula (1) or a dimer compound thereof, and a method of producing a thin-film including using the compound as a raw material:

##STR00001##

where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, M represents a metal atom or a silicon atom, and “n” represents the valence of the atom represented by M, provided that at least one hydrogen atom of R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is substituted with a fluorine atom.

The present disclosure relates to a system for a composition for protein denaturation. The composition includes a non-nucleophilic denaturant comprising a substituted guanidine, wherein the denaturant has a pKa value greater than about 10, and wherein the concentration of the substituted guanidine is less than 250 mM.

The present invention relates to the technical field of medicine, and to derivatives represented by formula 1 and formula 2 in which a carboxylic acid group is introduced into the structure of Ginkgolide B by means of a hydroxyl group at the 10-position and ester derivatives of carboxylic acid groups, and pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic salts. Ginkgolide B is used as a parent body and is prepared by means of chemical structure modification so as to achieve the goals of improving solubility, increasing bioavailability and enhancing healing efficacy. The prepared compound and carboxylate salts thereof have significant platelet activating factor antagonism, an anticoagulant effect and an anti-acute cerebral ischemia effect, and can be used for preparing a drug for preventing and treating ischemic stroke, thrombosis, angina pectoris, cardiopulmonary infarction, as well as inflammation, asthma and other diseases related to a platelet activating factor.

##STR00001##

It is related to compounds used as autophagy modulators and a method for preparing and using the same, specifically providing a compound of general formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which is a type of autophagy modulators, particularly mammalian ATG8 homologues modulators. ##STR00001##

A raw material for forming a thin film, comprising a compound represented by General Formula (1) below.

##STR00001##

(in the formula, R.sup.1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, A represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and M represents copper, iron, nickel, cobalt or manganese.)

Provided herein, inter alia, are compounds and methods useful for modulating the translational effects of eIF2α phosphorylation, the Integrated Stress Response (ISR), and the unfolded protein response (UPR); for treating diseases; for increasing protein production, and for improving long-term memory.