The subject matter of the present invention is novel families of compounds which are aromatic amine, imine, aminoadamantane and benzodiazepine derivatives, medicaments comprising same and the use thereof as inhibitors of the toxic effects of toxins with intracellular activity, such as, for example, ricin, and of viruses that use the internalization pathway for infecting cells.

The invention relates to compounds of formula (IW-1) and to their use in treating or preventing an inflammatory disease or a disease associated with an undesirable immune response: wherein R.sup.A, R.sup.B, R.sup.C and R.sup.D are as defined herein.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure relates to methods of carbon-carbon bond fragmentation.

The present invention discloses compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, or prodrugs thereof:

X-A-Y-L-R  (I)

which inhibit the protein(s) encoded by hepatitis B virus (HBV) or interfere with the function of the HBV life cycle of the hepatitis B virus and are also useful as antiviral agents. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the aforementioned compounds for administration to a subject suffering from HBV infection. The invention also relates to methods of treating an HBV infection in a subject by administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds of the present invention.

The present invention discloses compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, or prodrugs thereof:
X-A-Y-L-R(I)
which inhibit the protein(s) encoded by hepatitis B virus (HBV) or interfere with the function of the HBV life cycle of the hepatitis B virus and are also useful as antiviral agents. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the aforementioned compounds for administration to a subject suffering from HBV infection. The invention also relates to methods of treating an HBV infection in a subject by administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds of the present invention.

A process for producing cyanonorbornene of the present invention includes Step 1 of preparing a mixture solution including 0.5% by weight to 28% by weight of methyl bicyclononadiene, with respect to a total amount of 100% by weight of dicyclopentadiene, acrylonitrile, and the methyl bicyclononadiene, in a container, and Step 2 of reacting the bicyclopentadiene with the acrylonitrile in the presence of the methyl bicyclononadiene, in the mixture solution.

Neuroprotective compounds for reducing neurological damage due to cellular stress in an individual are of Formula 1: ##STR00001##
or an enantiomer, diastereomer, racemic mixture or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: Ar=aryl; Y=aryl substituent (ortho, meta, or para) selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, alkyloxy, alkylamino, R.sup.5R.sup.6N, and halo; XO, N, or S; RH, alkyl, aryl, OH, alkyloxy, aryloxy, NH.sub.2, alkylamino, R.sup.5R.sup.6N, or arylamino; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2=alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkyl, or H, individually; R.sup.3=arylCHCH, alkylCHCH, alkyl; R.sup.4H, alkyl, or aryl; and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6=alkyl, individually. Methods of reducing neurological damage due to cellular stress in an individual include administering to the individual during or after the cellular stress a neuroprotective compound of Formula I in a therapeutically effective amount to restore synaptic function during or after the cellular stress.

A process for producing cyanonorbornene of the present invention includes Step 1 of preparing a mixture solution including 0.5% by weight to 28% by weight of methyl bicyclononadiene, with respect to a total amount of 100% by weight of dicyclopentadiene, acrylonitrile, and the methyl bicyclononadiene, in a container, and Step 2 of reacting the bicyclopentadiene with the acrylonitrile in the presence of the methyl bicyclononadiene, in the mixture solution.

The present invention discloses compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, or prodrugs thereof:

X-A-Y-L-R(I)

which inhibit the protein(s) encoded by hepatitis B virus (HBV) or interfere with the function of the HBV life cycle of the hepatitis B virus and are also useful as antiviral agents. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the aforementioned compounds for administration to a subject suffering from HBV infection. The invention also relates to methods of treating an HBV infection in a subject by administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds of the present invention.

Processes are described for producing a polycyclic polyether polyol having a hydroxyl functionality of 1.5 to 6 and a number average molecular weight of 200 to 12,000 Da. The processes comprise alkoxylating a polyol starter comprising predominantly a polycyclic polyol with an alkylene oxide in the presence of a DMC catalyst.