Provided are a method for producing an organic substance and an apparatus for producing an organic substance that are capable of efficiently cooling a synthesis gas and converting the synthesis gas to an organic substance at a high conversion efficiency using a microbial catalyst. A method for producing an organic substance includes a step of passing a synthesis gas G1 discharged from a gasifier 2 through a heat exchanger 20 to cool the synthesis gas G1, a step of passing the synthesis gas G1 cooled with the heat exchanger 20 through a gas cooling tower 21 to cool the synthesis gas G1 with water sprayed in the gas cooling tower 21 and a step of bringing the synthesis gas G1 that has passed through at least the heat exchanger 20 and the gas cooling tower 21 into contact with a microbial catalyst to generate an organic substance.

Provided are a method for producing an organic substance and an apparatus for producing an organic substance that are capable of efficiently cooling a synthesis gas and converting the synthesis gas to an organic substance at a high conversion efficiency using a microbial catalyst. A method for producing an organic substance includes a step of passing a synthesis gas G1 discharged from a gasifier 2 through a heat exchanger 20 to cool the synthesis gas G1, a step of passing the synthesis gas G1 cooled with the heat exchanger 20 through a gas cooling tower 21 to cool the synthesis gas G1 with water sprayed in the gas cooling tower 21 and a step of bringing the synthesis gas G1 that has passed through at least the heat exchanger 20 and the gas cooling tower 21 into contact with a microbial catalyst to generate an organic substance.

A process for the construction of a second chemical plant, which second chemical plant is suitable for the separation of cyclohexanone from a second mixture, which second mixture comprises reaction products from the hydrogenation of phenol, said process comprising: a) providing a first chemical plant, which first chemical plant is suitable for the separation of cyclohexanone from a first mixture, which first mixture comprises reaction products from the oxidation of cyclohexane, and which first plant comprises: i) a distillation column (C) suitable for distilling overhead cyclohexane; ii) a distillation column suitable for distilling overhead cyclohexanone; iii) a cyclohexane oxidation unit (A) suitable for the oxidation of cyclohexane; and iv) a heat recovery unit (B) suitable for the recovery of heat from off-gas from the cyclohexane oxidation unit suitable for the oxidation of cyclohexane; b) disabling in said first chemical plant, said distillation column (C) suitable for distilling overhead cyclohexane, said cyclohexane oxidation unit (A) and said heat recovery unit (B), wherein the second chemical plant comprises a distillation column (F) suitable for distilling overhead cyclohexanone reused from the first chemical plant, wherein each of the first chemical plant and the second chemical plant comprise a distillation column (E) suitable for distilling overhead components having a lower boiling point than cyclohexanone; a distillation column (G) suitable for distilling overhead a mixture comprising cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone in a wt.:wt. ratio of at least 4:1; and a cyclohexanol dehydrogenation unit (H) suitable for the dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone.

A process for the construction of a second chemical plant, which second chemical plant is suitable for the separation of cyclohexanone from a second mixture, which second mixture comprises reaction products from the hydrogenation of phenol, said process comprising: a) providing a first chemical plant, which first chemical plant is suitable for the separation of cyclohexanone from a first mixture, which first mixture comprises reaction products from the oxidation of cyclohexane, and which first plant comprises: i) a distillation column (C) suitable for distilling overhead cyclohexane; ii) a distillation column suitable for distilling overhead cyclohexanone; iii) a cyclohexane oxidation unit (A) suitable for the oxidation of cyclohexane; and iv) a heat recovery unit (B) suitable for the recovery of heat from off-gas from the cyclohexane oxidation unit suitable for the oxidation of cyclohexane; b) disabling in said first chemical plant, said distillation column (C) suitable for distilling overhead cyclohexane, said cyclohexane oxidation unit (A) and said heat recovery unit (B), wherein the second chemical plant comprises a distillation column (F) suitable for distilling overhead cyclohexanone reused from the first chemical plant, wherein each of the first chemical plant and the second chemical plant comprise a distillation column (E) suitable for distilling overhead components having a lower boiling point than cyclohexanone; a distillation column (G) suitable for distilling overhead a mixture comprising cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone in a wt.:wt. ratio of at least 4:1; and a cyclohexanol dehydrogenation unit (H) suitable for the dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone.

A process for the treatment of wastewater (S1) formed during the production of starches, in particular of chemically modified starches, and which contains dissolved salts and organic compounds, in which process it is proposed that the wastewater (S1) or pretreated wastewater (S1) containing substantially the dissolved salts and the organic compounds of the wastewater (S1) is subjected to a membrane separation process in which a separation of the wastewater (S1) supplied to the membrane separation process into a first volume flow (S3) with a higher concentration of dissolved salts in relation to the supplied wastewater (S1) and a second volume flow (S2) with a reduced concentration of dissolved salts in relation to the supplied wastewater (S1) is performed, wherein the first volume flow (S3) is subjected to thermal treatment for the separation of the dissolved salts and of a third volume flow (S9) which contains a fraction of the organic compounds of the wastewater (S1). By means of the invention, a process for the treatment of the wastewater (S1) from the production of modified starches with recovery of utilizable contents is provided.

A process for the treatment of wastewater (S1) formed during the production of starches, in particular of chemically modified starches, and which contains dissolved salts and organic compounds, in which process it is proposed that the wastewater (S1) or pretreated wastewater (S1) containing substantially the dissolved salts and the organic compounds of the wastewater (S1) is subjected to a membrane separation process in which a separation of the wastewater (S1) supplied to the membrane separation process into a first volume flow (S3) with a higher concentration of dissolved salts in relation to the supplied wastewater (S1) and a second volume flow (S2) with a reduced concentration of dissolved salts in relation to the supplied wastewater (S1) is performed, wherein the first volume flow (S3) is subjected to thermal treatment for the separation of the dissolved salts and of a third volume flow (S9) which contains a fraction of the organic compounds of the wastewater (S1). By means of the invention, a process for the treatment of the wastewater (S1) from the production of modified starches with recovery of utilizable contents is provided.

A process for the treatment of wastewater (S1) formed during the production of starches, in particular of chemically modified starches, and which contains dissolved salts and organic compounds, in which process it is proposed that the wastewater (S1) or pretreated wastewater (S1) containing substantially the dissolved salts and the organic compounds of the wastewater (S1) is subjected to a membrane separation process in which a separation of the wastewater (S1) supplied to the membrane separation process into a first volume flow (S3) with a higher concentration of dissolved salts in relation to the supplied wastewater (S1) and a second volume flow (S2) with a reduced concentration of dissolved salts in relation to the supplied wastewater (S1) is performed, wherein the first volume flow (S3) is subjected to thermal treatment for the separation of the dissolved salts and of a third volume flow (S9) which contains a fraction of the organic compounds of the wastewater (S1). By means of the invention, a process for the treatment of the wastewater (S1) from the production of modified starches with recovery of utilizable contents is provided.

Described herein is a linking agent that includes a polymeric or non-polymeric core molecule and one or more photoreactive groups covalently attached to the core molecule by one or more linking elements that include a urea linkage, a carbamate linkage, or a combination thereof.

A process for the construction of a second chemical plant, which second chemical plant is suitable for the separation of cyclohexanone from a second mixture, which second mixture comprises reaction products from the hydrogenation of phenol. The process comprises providing a first chemical plant, which first chemical plant is suitable for the separation of cyclohexanone from a first mixture, and a second chemical plant comprising a distillation column suitable for distilling overhead cyclohexanone reused from the first chemical plant.

A process for the construction of a second chemical plant, which second chemical plant is suitable for the separation of cyclohexanone from a second mixture, which second mixture comprises reaction products from the hydrogenation of phenol. The process comprises providing a first chemical plant, which first chemical plant is suitable for the separation of cyclohexanone from a first mixture, and a second chemical plant comprising a distillation column suitable for distilling overhead cyclohexanone reused from the first chemical plant.