There are provided a method of producing a carbonyl compound by a flow type reaction, including introducing a triphosgene solution into a flow channel (I), bringing the triphosgene solution into contact with a solid catalyst immobilized in at least a part of the flow channel (I) to generate a phosgene solution while the triphosgene solution is flowing through the flow channel (I), joining the phosgene solution and an active hydrogen-containing compound solution that flows inside the flow channel (II), which are subsequently allowed to flow downstream inside a reaction flow channel to be reacted in a presence of a tertiary amine, and obtaining a carbonyl compound in a joining solution; and a flow type reaction system that is suitable for carrying out this production method.

There are provided a method of producing a carbonyl compound by a flow type reaction, including introducing a triphosgene solution into a flow channel (I), bringing the triphosgene solution into contact with a solid catalyst immobilized in at least a part of the flow channel (I) to generate a phosgene solution while the triphosgene solution is flowing through the flow channel (I), joining the phosgene solution and an active hydrogen-containing compound solution that flows inside the flow channel (II), which are subsequently allowed to flow downstream inside a reaction flow channel to be reacted in a presence of a tertiary amine, and obtaining a carbonyl compound in a joining solution; and a flow type reaction system that is suitable for carrying out this production method.

There are provided a method of producing a carbonyl compound by a flow type reaction, including introducing a triphosgene solution, a tertiary amine solution, and an active hydrogen-containing compound solution into flow channels different from each other to cause the respective solutions to flow inside the respective flow channels, joining the respective solutions that flow inside the respective flow channels simultaneously or sequentially so that a reaction between phosgene and an active hydrogen-containing compound occurs, and obtaining a carbonyl compound in a joining solution, in which a non-aqueous organic solvent is used as a solvent of each of the respective solutions and a compound having a cyclic structure is used as the tertiary amine; and a flow type reaction system that is suitable for carrying out this production method.

There are provided a method of producing a carbonyl compound by a flow type reaction, including introducing a triphosgene solution, a tertiary amine solution, and an active hydrogen-containing compound solution into flow channels different from each other to cause the respective solutions to flow inside the respective flow channels, joining the respective solutions that flow inside the respective flow channels simultaneously or sequentially so that a reaction between phosgene and an active hydrogen-containing compound occurs, and obtaining a carbonyl compound in a joining solution, in which a non-aqueous organic solvent is used as a solvent of each of the respective solutions and a compound having a cyclic structure is used as the tertiary amine; and a flow type reaction system that is suitable for carrying out this production method.

The present invention relates to the synthesis of N-trifluoromethylcarbonyl compounds starting from isothiocyanates, which can be converted into N-trifluoromethylcarbamoyl fluorides or similar compounds, which later on can be derivatized further to amides, ureas, carbamates, thiocarbamates and selenocarbamates.

The present invention relates to the synthesis of N-trifluoromethylcarbonyl compounds starting from isothiocyanates, which can be converted into N-trifluoromethylcarbamoyl fluorides or similar compounds, which later on can be derivatized further to amides, ureas, carbamates, thiocarbamates and selenocarbamates.

The invention relates to a process for producing isocyanates by reacting the corresponding amines with phosgene in the liquid phase, comprising: (a) mixing an amine comprising feed stream, a phosgene comprising feed stream and optionally an inert solvent; (b) reacting the amine with phosgene in a first reaction section to obtain an intermediate reaction mixture comprising isocyanate, carbamoyl chlorides, amine hydrochlorides and unreacted phosgene; (c) cleaving the carbamoyl chlorides and remove phosgene from the intermediate reaction mixture in a second reaction section to obtain an isocyanate comprising crude product, (d) optionally working-up the crude product; wherein reacting (b) is carried out such that the intermediate reaction mixture comprises 1.7 to 5 mol-% solid amine hydrochlorides based on the molar amount of amine fed into the process.

The invention relates to a process for producing isocyanates by reacting the corresponding amines with phosgene in the liquid phase, comprising: (a) mixing an amine comprising feed stream, a phosgene comprising feed stream and optionally an inert solvent; (b) reacting the amine with phosgene in a first reaction section to obtain an intermediate reaction mixture comprising isocyanate, carbamoyl chlorides, amine hydrochlorides and unreacted phosgene; (c) cleaving the carbamoyl chlorides and remove phosgene from the intermediate reaction mixture in a second reaction section to obtain an isocyanate comprising crude product, (d) optionally working-up the crude product; wherein reacting (b) is carried out such that the intermediate reaction mixture comprises 1.7 to 5 mol-% solid amine hydrochlorides based on the molar amount of amine fed into the process.

Disclosed are non-hypersensitive response eliciting peptides and weak hypersensitive response eliciting peptides that induce active plant responses, and that exhibit improved solubility, stability, resistance to chemical degradation, or a combination of these properties. Use of these peptides or fusion polypeptides, compositions, recombinant host cells or DNA constructs encoding the same, for modulating plant biochemical signaling, imparting disease resistance to plants, enhancing plant growth, imparting tolerance to biotic stress, imparting tolerance and resistance to abiotic stress, imparting desiccation resistance to cuttings removed from ornamental plants, imparting post-harvest disease or post-harvest desiccation resistance to a fruit or vegetable, or enhancing the longevity of fruit or vegetable ripeness are also disclosed.

Disclosed are non-hypersensitive response eliciting peptides and weak hypersensitive response eliciting peptides that induce active plant responses, and that exhibit improved solubility, stability, resistance to chemical degradation, or a combination of these properties. Use of these peptides or fusion polypeptides, compositions, recombinant host cells or DNA constructs encoding the same, for modulating plant biochemical signaling, imparting disease resistance to plants, enhancing plant growth, imparting tolerance to biotic stress, imparting tolerance and resistance to abiotic stress, imparting desiccation resistance to cuttings removed from ornamental plants, imparting post-harvest disease or post-harvest desiccation resistance to a fruit or vegetable, or enhancing the longevity of fruit or vegetable ripeness are also disclosed.