The present disclosure is related to a pipe reactor. In its broadest aspect, the present disclosure is related to a method for producing a urea ammonium sulphate-based composition in a pipe reactor comprising a first and a second mixing zone. The method comprises the steps of: a) directing a liquid stream comprising ammonium bisulphate to the first mixing zone of the pipe reactor; b) directing a first stream of ammonia to the first mixing zone of the pipe reactor for reacting with the liquid stream comprising ammonium bisulphate, provided in step a), to obtain a liquid stream comprising ammonium sulphate; c) directing the liquid stream comprising ammonium sulphate, provided in step b), to the second mixing zone of the pipe reactor; and d) directing a liquid stream of urea to the second mixing zone of the pipe reactor for mixing with the liquid stream comprising ammonium sulphate.

The present disclosure is related to a pipe reactor. In its broadest aspect, the present disclosure is related to a method for producing a urea ammonium sulphate-based composition in a pipe reactor comprising a first and a second mixing zone. The method comprises the steps of: a) directing a liquid stream comprising ammonium bisulphate to the first mixing zone of the pipe reactor; b) directing a first stream of ammonia to the first mixing zone of the pipe reactor for reacting with the liquid stream comprising ammonium bisulphate, provided in step a), to obtain a liquid stream comprising ammonium sulphate; c) directing the liquid stream comprising ammonium sulphate, provided in step b), to the second mixing zone of the pipe reactor; and d) directing a liquid stream of urea to the second mixing zone of the pipe reactor for mixing with the liquid stream comprising ammonium sulphate.

Ammonia, methanol, Fischer Tropsch products, and derivatives thereof are made by using hydrogen and oxygen supplied from an electrolyzer that is at least partially powered by renewable power, resulting in green process and systems that produce green products disclosed herein. A process using biomass and renewable energy includes producing an unshifted syngas from biomass and oxygen in a gasification unit, introducing water into an electrolyzer to produce an oxygen product and a hydrogen product, and introducing the oxygen product to the gasification unit. The electrolyzer is powered by renewable energy, and the oxygen product supplies at least a portion of the oxygen to the gasification unit.

A continuous-flow synthesis method of .sup.13C-urea, including: (S1) mixing sulphur and a methanol solution containing NH.sub.3 in a feed kettle to obtain a slurry; or mixing ammonia gas, sulphur and methanol in a feed kettle to obtain a slurry; (S2) feeding the slurry into a mixing unit; and feeding .sup.13CO into the mixing unit to obtain a three-phase mixture; (S3) mixing the three-phase mixture in the mixing unit evenly; feeding the three-phase mixture into a continuous-flow reactor for reaction to obtain a reaction product; and (S4) feeding the reaction product into a gas-liquid separator for gas-liquid separation, and collecting a liquid phase as a crude product solution; and subjecting the liquid phase to purification to obtain the .sup.13C-urea.

A continuous-flow synthesis method of .sup.13C-urea, including: (S1) mixing sulphur and a methanol solution containing NH.sub.3 in a feed kettle to obtain a slurry; or mixing ammonia gas, sulphur and methanol in a feed kettle to obtain a slurry; (S2) feeding the slurry into a mixing unit; and feeding .sup.13CO into the mixing unit to obtain a three-phase mixture; (S3) mixing the three-phase mixture in the mixing unit evenly; feeding the three-phase mixture into a continuous-flow reactor for reaction to obtain a reaction product; and (S4) feeding the reaction product into a gas-liquid separator for gas-liquid separation, and collecting a liquid phase as a crude product solution; and subjecting the liquid phase to purification to obtain the .sup.13C-urea.

The present invention provides a method for producing urea by means of energy irradiation, the method comprises contacting a nanostructure catalyst with at least one carbon-containing source, at least one nitrogen-containing source and at least one hydrogen-containing source, and irradiating the nanostructure catalyst, the carbon-containing source, the nitrogen-containing source and the hydrogen-containing source with energy, to produce urea molecules.

The present invention provides a method for producing urea by means of energy irradiation, the method comprises contacting a nanostructure catalyst with at least one carbon-containing source, at least one nitrogen-containing source and at least one hydrogen-containing source, and irradiating the nanostructure catalyst, the carbon-containing source, the nitrogen-containing source and the hydrogen-containing source with energy, to produce urea molecules.

The present invention discloses a method of quickly desorbing phosgene from a catalyst in a phosgene synthesizing tower when the catalyst in the phosgene synthesizing tower is replaced. The method is carried out by first purging out easily-desorbed phosgene from the catalyst activated carbon in the phosgene synthesizing tower with nitrogen gas, then purging with ammonia gas, and the ammonia gas is reacted with the hardly-desorbed phosgene in the catalyst of the phosgene synthesizing tower. Then the phosgene synthesizing tower is rinsed with a water gun and then dried with hot gas. The phosgene content at an outlet of the phosgene synthesizing tower after purging is below 0.5 ppm, which can significantly save the time of the phosgene synthesizing tower for purging the phosgene, greatly reduce the amount of nitrogen gas consumed, and improve the safety of the process operation.

Provided is a novel production system for a product selected from a nitrogen-containing product and a fermented and cultured product that does not involve (or can minimize) the transport of liquid ammonia. A production system for a product selected from a nitrogen-containing product and a fermented and cultured product can include: an ammonia synthesis apparatus in which an ammonia-containing gas is synthesized by reaction of a source gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen in the presence of a supported metal catalyst containing as a support one or more selected from the group consisting of: i) a conductive mayenite compound; ii) a two-dimensional electride compound or a precursor thereof; and iii) a complex formed of a support base containing at least one metal oxide selected from ZrO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, CeO.sub.2, and MgO and a metal amide represented by a formula M(NH.sub.2).sub.x (where M represents one or more selected from Li, Na, K, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Eu; and x represents a valence number of M) supported by the support base; and a production apparatus that produces a product selected from a nitrogen-containing product and a fermented and cultured product using ammonia originating from the ammonia-containing gas obtained by using the ammonia synthesis apparatus.

Aspects generally relate to a temperature responsive polymer, more specifically to a polymer exhibiting an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) in an aqueous solution. In one aspect, a monomer compound includes one or more amide or thioamide groups; one or more ureido or thioureido groups; and one or more ethylenically unsaturated groups. In one aspect, a polymer, such as a homopolymer or a copolymer, is produced by polymerization of the monomer compound. The copolymer is produced by polymerization of the monomer compound and a comonomer, such as a hydrophobic comonomer, a hydrophilic comonomer, a pH responsive comonomer, a light responsive comonomer, and combinations thereof. The polymer exhibits a UCST from about 1° C. to about 100° C. in an aqueous solution at 1 atm.