A high purity metformin hydrochloride, having a purity equal to or greater than 99% by area percentage of LCMS and no detectable amount of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), wherein the LCMS method for the determination of NDMA content in Metformin hydrochloride has a Limit of detection of 0.004 ppm and a Limit of quantification of 0.009 ppm.

A high purity metformin hydrochloride, having a purity equal to or greater than 99% by area percentage of LCMS and no detectable amount of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), wherein the LCMS method for the determination of NDMA content in Metformin hydrochloride has a Limit of detection of 0.004 ppm and a Limit of quantification of 0.009 ppm.

A high purity metformin hydrochloride, having a purity equal to or greater than 99% by area percentage of LCMS and no detectable amount of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), wherein the LCMS method for the determination of NDMA content in Metformin hydrochloride has a Limit of detection of 0.004 ppm and a Limit of quantification of 0.009 ppm.

A process to extract carbon from hydrophobic waste comprises: combining the hydrophobic waste with an oxide of an active metal to form a storable, moisture-resistant feedstock for high-temperature processing; heating the feedstock in a furnace to yield an effluent gas entraining a carbide of the active metal; cooling the effluent gas entraining the carbide of the active metal; introducing nitrogen into the cooled effluent gas entraining the carbide of the active metal, to yield a cyanamide of the active metal and elemental carbon; and acidically hydrolyzing the cyanamide of the active metal to yield a cyanamide compound and a salt of the active metal.

A process to extract carbon from hydrophobic waste comprises: combining the hydrophobic waste with an oxide of an active metal to form a storable, moisture-resistant feedstock for high-temperature processing; heating the feedstock in a furnace to yield an effluent gas entraining a carbide of the active metal; cooling the effluent gas entraining the carbide of the active metal; introducing nitrogen into the cooled effluent gas entraining the carbide of the active metal, to yield a cyanamide of the active metal and elemental carbon; and acidically hydrolyzing the cyanamide of the active metal to yield a cyanamide compound and a salt of the active metal.

Solar energy device comprising at least one of a photovoltaic cell or a solar thermal collector having an absorption bandwidth in the infrared wavelength region of the solar spectrum; a visible light-transmitting reflector; and at least one of a graphic film or lighted display. The graphic film or a lighted display present is visible through the visible light-transmitting reflector. The solar energy devices can be used, for example, as a sign (e.g., an advertising sign or a traffic sign), on the side and/or roof, as well as in a window, of a building.

Solar energy device comprising at least one of a photovoltaic cell or a solar thermal collector having an absorption bandwidth in the infrared wavelength region of the solar spectrum; a visible light-transmitting reflector; and at least one of a graphic film or lighted display. The graphic film or a lighted display present is visible through the visible light-transmitting reflector. The solar energy devices can be used, for example, as a sign (e.g., an advertising sign or a traffic sign), on the side and/or roof, as well as in a window, of a building.

A process to extract carbon from hydrophobic waste comprises: combining the hydrophobic waste with an oxide of an active metal to form a storable, moisture-resistant feedstock for high-temperature processing; heating the feedstock in a furnace to yield an effluent gas entraining a carbide of the active metal; cooling the effluent gas entraining the carbide of the active metal; introducing nitrogen into the cooled effluent gas entraining the carbide of the active metal, to yield a cyanamide of the active metal and elemental carbon; and acidically hydrolyzing the cyanamide of the active metal to yield a cyanamide compound and a salt of the active metal.

A process to extract carbon from hydrophobic waste comprises: combining the hydrophobic waste with an oxide of an active metal to form a storable, moisture-resistant feedstock for high-temperature processing; heating the feedstock in a furnace to yield an effluent gas entraining a carbide of the active metal; cooling the effluent gas entraining the carbide of the active metal; introducing nitrogen into the cooled effluent gas entraining the carbide of the active metal, to yield a cyanamide of the active metal and elemental carbon; and acidically hydrolyzing the cyanamide of the active metal to yield a cyanamide compound and a salt of the active metal.

A method for preparing guanidino acetic acid involves reacting cyanamide and glycine in an aqueous reaction mixture in the presence of a base. The ammonia content in the reaction mixture is controlled to be below 20 g/L, and the dicyandiatrade content in the reaction mixture is kept below 5 wt.-%.