Provided is a method that allows for a safer production of a naphthylsilole for use as a starting material for GNR, which involves reacting a compound of formula (1):

##STR00001##

(wherein R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a (poly)ether group, an ester group, a halogen atom, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a heterocyclic group; R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b are optionally bound to each other to form a ring; R.sup.2 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or a heterocyclic ring; and X represents a bromine or iodine atom) with a lanthanide- and lithium-containing ate complex to produce a lanthanide complex of the compound of formula (1); and then reacting it with a silyl compound of formula (2):

R.sup.3aR.sup.3bSiCl.sub.2  (2)

(wherein R.sup.3a and R.sup.3b are the same or different and represent an optionally branched C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl group or a phenyl group).

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for determining the absolute configuration of D/L-cysteine and/or the enantiomeric composition of cysteine and/or the concentration of total cysteine in a sample. Uses of the composition and method are also described.

Compounds having drug and bio-affecting properties, their pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use are set forth. In particular, triterpenoids that possess unique antiviral activity are provided as HIV maturation inhibitors, as represented by compounds of Formula I: ##STR00001##
with X selected from C.sub.4-8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-8 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.4-9 spirocycloalkyl, C.sub.4-9 spirocycloalkenyl, C.sub.4-8 oxacycloalkyl, C.sub.4-8 dioxacycloalkyl, C.sub.6-8 oxacycloalkenyl, C.sub.6-8 dioxacycloalkenyl, C.sub.6 cyclodialkenyl, C.sub.6 oxacyclodialkenyl, C.sub.6-9 oxaspirocycloalkyl and C.sub.6-9 oxaspirocycloalkenyl ring, such that X is substituted with A, wherein A is —C.sub.1-6 alkyl-halo. These compounds are useful for the treatment of HIV and AIDS.

Compounds having drug and bio-affecting properties, their pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use are set forth. In particular, triterpenoids that possess unique antiviral activity are provided as HIV maturation inhibitors, as represented by compounds of Formula I: ##STR00001##
with X selected from C.sub.4-8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-8 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.4-9 spirocycloalkyl, C.sub.4-9 spirocycloalkenyl, C.sub.4-8 oxacycloalkyl, C.sub.4-8 dioxacycloalkyl, C.sub.6-8 oxacycloalkenyl, C.sub.6-8 dioxacycloalkenyl, C.sub.6 cyclodialkenyl, C.sub.6 oxacyclodialkenyl, C.sub.6-9 oxaspirocycloalkyl and C.sub.6-9 oxaspirocycloalkenyl ring, such that X is substituted with A, wherein A is —C.sub.1-6 alkyl-halo. These compounds are useful for the treatment of HIV and AIDS.

The present disclosure relates to cannabigerol sulfonate esters and processes for their use to prepare cannabigerol (CBG) and related compounds, including cannabigerobutol (CBGB), cannabigerovarin (CBGV), and cannabigerophorbol (CBGP). In a preferred embodiment, the cannabigerol sulfonate ester is (E)-4-(3, 7-5 dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)-3,5-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)phenylromethanesulfonate. In a preferred process, the trifluoromethansulfonate leaving group is replaced by an alkyl group. The disclosure also relates to the use of catalysts and catalytic processes for the preparation of cannabigerol and related compounds from the cannabigerol sulfonate esters.

The present disclosure relates to cannabigerol sulfonate esters and processes for their use to prepare cannabigerol (CBG) and related compounds, including cannabigerobutol (CBGB), cannabigerovarin (CBGV), and cannabigerophorbol (CBGP). In a preferred embodiment, the cannabigerol sulfonate ester is (E)-4-(3, 7-5 dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)-3,5-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)phenylromethanesulfonate. In a preferred process, the trifluoromethansulfonate leaving group is replaced by an alkyl group. The disclosure also relates to the use of catalysts and catalytic processes for the preparation of cannabigerol and related compounds from the cannabigerol sulfonate esters.

The present disclosure is directed to provide a vinylsulfonic anhydride which is useful as a synthetic intermediate for synthesis of a fluorinated monomer. It is also directed to efficiently produce the vinylsulfonic anhydride. It is further directed to efficiently produce a fluorinated monomer using the vinylsulfonic anhydride. A vinylsulfonic anhydride of the present disclosure is expressed by the general formula (1). Further, a process for producing a vinylsulfonic anhydride of the present disclosure includes making a vinylsulfonic acid compound represented by the general formula (2) come in contact and be mixed with an anhydridization agent. Further, a process for producing a vinylsulfonyl fluoride of the present disclosure includes a step (b) of making a vinylsulfonic anhydride represented by the general formula (1) come in contact and be mixed with a fluorinating agent to prepare a reaction mixture including a vinylsulfonyl fluoride represented by the general formula (3) and a vinylsulfonic acid compound represented by the general formula (2).

The present disclosure is directed to provide a vinylsulfonic anhydride which is useful as a synthetic intermediate for synthesis of a fluorinated monomer. It is also directed to efficiently produce the vinylsulfonic anhydride. It is further directed to efficiently produce a fluorinated monomer using the vinylsulfonic anhydride. A vinylsulfonic anhydride of the present disclosure is expressed by the general formula (1). Further, a process for producing a vinylsulfonic anhydride of the present disclosure includes making a vinylsulfonic acid compound represented by the general formula (2) come in contact and be mixed with an anhydridization agent. Further, a process for producing a vinylsulfonyl fluoride of the present disclosure includes a step (b) of making a vinylsulfonic anhydride represented by the general formula (1) come in contact and be mixed with a fluorinating agent to prepare a reaction mixture including a vinylsulfonyl fluoride represented by the general formula (3) and a vinylsulfonic acid compound represented by the general formula (2).

This disclosure relates to cannabinoid derivatives having the structure of formula (I), pharmaceutical compositions comprising them, and methods of using the cannabinoid derivatives in treating or preventing a diseases associated with a cannabinoid receptor in subject in need thereof, wherein the cannabinoid receptor is one or more of CB1, CB2, 5HT1A, 5HT2A, GPR18, GPR55, GPR119, TRPV1, TRPV2, PPARγ or a μ-opioid receptor.

A first object of the present invention is to provide an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition with which a pattern having a good shape can be obtained. Furthermore, a second object of the present invention is to provide a resist film, a pattern forming method, and a method for manufacturing an electronic device, each relating to the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition. In addition, a third object of the present invention is to provide a compound which can be suitably used in the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition.

The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of an embodiment of the present invention includes a compound that generates an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation, an acid-decomposable resin having a weight-average molecular weight of 30,000 or less, and a solvent, and the compound that generates an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation includes a compound (I).