A method of implementing organic synthesis reactions uses a composition containing a metal catalyst originating from a calcined plant. The plants can be from the Brassicaceae, Sapotaceae and Convolvulaceae family, and the metal catalyst contains metal in the M(II) form such as zinc, nickel, manganese, lead, cadmium, calcium, magnesium or copper. Examples of the organic synthesis reactions include halogenations, electrophilic reactions, cycloadditions, transesterification reactions and coupling reactions, among others.

A method of implementing organic synthesis reactions uses a composition containing a metal catalyst originating from a calcined plant. The plants can be from the Brassicaceae, Sapotaceae and Convolvulaceae family, and the metal catalyst contains metal in the M(II) form such as zinc, nickel, manganese, lead, cadmium, calcium, magnesium or copper. Examples of the organic synthesis reactions include halogenations, electrophilic reactions, cycloadditions, transesterification reactions and coupling reactions, among others.

Bio-based ethanol, such as ethanol produced from lignocellulosic materials, for example, is processed to produce bio-based ethylene, which can then be processed further to produce other bio-based materials including bio-based polymers and copolymers, including bio-based polyethylene, bio-based α-olefins, bio-based 1,2-diols, as well as other compounds.

Bio-based ethanol, such as ethanol produced from lignocellulosic materials, for example, is processed to produce bio-based ethylene, which can then be processed further to produce other bio-based materials including bio-based polymers and copolymers, including bio-based polyethylene, bio-based α-olefins, bio-based 1,2-diols, as well as other compounds.

Disclosed herein are methods and systems that relate to various configurations of electrochemical, bromination, oxybromination, bromine oxidation, hydrolysis, neutralization, and epoxidation reactions to form propylene bromohydrin, propanal, and propylene oxide or to form bromoethanol, bromoacetaldehyde, and ethylene oxide.

Disclosed herein are methods and systems that relate to various configurations of electrochemical, bromination, oxybromination, bromine oxidation, hydrolysis, neutralization, and epoxidation reactions to form propylene bromohydrin, propanal, and propylene oxide or to form bromoethanol, bromoacetaldehyde, and ethylene oxide.

Disclosed is a method of: providing a fiber having propylene oxide adsorbed thereon; exposing the fiber to a gaseous sample; allowing the propylene oxide to react with any chlorine in the sample to form chloro-2-propanol. The method can be used to detect potassium chlorate.

Disclosed is a method of: providing a fiber having propylene oxide adsorbed thereon; exposing the fiber to a gaseous sample; allowing the propylene oxide to react with any chlorine in the sample to form chloro-2-propanol. The method can be used to detect potassium chlorate.

There are provided methods and systems to form propylene chlorohydrin by hydrolysis of dichloropropane in presence of Lewis acid and to further form propylene oxide from the propylene chlorohydrin.

There are provided methods and systems to form propylene chlorohydrin by hydrolysis of dichloropropane in presence of Lewis acid and to further form propylene oxide from the propylene chlorohydrin.