The present invention relates to novel compounds containing fluorinated end groups and to the use thereof in, for example, dirt-repellent coatings.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing N-acyl amino acids selected from N-acyl cysteine compounds, N-acyl serine compounds, N-acyl aspartic acid compounds and N-acyl glutamic acid compounds. The present invention also relates to the use of N-acyl cysteine, N-acyl serine, N-acyl aspartic acid and N-acyl glutamic acid surfactants, in removing per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from mixtures containing PFASs, such as soil and groundwater contaminated with PFASs and for use in cleaning compositions, detergent compositions and toothpaste compositions.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing N-acyl amino acids selected from N-acyl cysteine compounds, N-acyl serine compounds, N-acyl aspartic acid compounds and N-acyl glutamic acid compounds. The present invention also relates to the use of N-acyl cysteine, N-acyl serine, N-acyl aspartic acid and N-acyl glutamic acid surfactants, in removing per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from mixtures containing PFASs, such as soil and groundwater contaminated with PFASs and for use in cleaning compositions, detergent compositions and toothpaste compositions.

An example of a fusing agent includes a metal bis(dithiolene) salt, a polar aprotic solvent, and a balance of water. An example of a method for making an example of the fusing agent includes adding a metal bis(dithiolene) salt into a liquid vehicle including at least a polar aprotic solvent and water.

An example of a fusing agent includes a metal bis(dithiolene) salt, a polar aprotic solvent, and a balance of water. An example of a method for making an example of the fusing agent includes adding a metal bis(dithiolene) salt into a liquid vehicle including at least a polar aprotic solvent and water.

Disclosed is an anti-oxidation stabilizer, which has the following structure (A), wherein R1 is a connection chain, and the connection chain is a fatty chain, an aromatic structural chain or a fatty and aromatic structurally combined chain; R2 is (B), and X is O, S, N or NH or —CONR—, Z is O, S, N or NH, and X is different from Z; R is a fatty chain, an aromatic group, a sterically hindered amine or sterically hindered phenol, R3 is a fatty chain, an aromatic group, a sterically hindered amine or sterically hindered phenol, and R is identical to R3, or R is different from R3; n is a positive integer including 1, n1 is a positive integer including 1, and n is identical to n1, or n is different from n1.

Disclosed is an anti-oxidation stabilizer, which has the following structure (A), wherein R1 is a connection chain, and the connection chain is a fatty chain, an aromatic structural chain or a fatty and aromatic structurally combined chain; R2 is (B), and X is O, S, N or NH or —CONR—, Z is O, S, N or NH, and X is different from Z; R is a fatty chain, an aromatic group, a sterically hindered amine or sterically hindered phenol, R3 is a fatty chain, an aromatic group, a sterically hindered amine or sterically hindered phenol, and R is identical to R3, or R is different from R3; n is a positive integer including 1, n1 is a positive integer including 1, and n is identical to n1, or n is different from n1.

A method for esterification of one or more carboxylic acid groups in a compound containing one or more carboxylic acid groups wherein the esterification reagent is a diazo-compound of formula:

##STR00001##

wherein the R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 groups of the diazo compound are selected such that the corresponding organic compound of formula:

##STR00002##

exhibits a —C—H pKa value between 18 and 29 as measured in DMSO. Specific reagents and methods for esterification are provided. The esterification reagents provided exhibit high selectivity for esterification of carboxylic acid groups over reaction with amine, alcohol or thiol groups in the compound containing one or more carboxylic acid groups. The method can be used to selectively esterify carboxylic acid groups in peptides or proteins.

A method for esterification of one or more carboxylic acid groups in a compound containing one or more carboxylic acid groups wherein the esterification reagent is a diazo-compound of formula:

##STR00001##

wherein the R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 groups of the diazo compound are selected such that the corresponding organic compound of formula:

##STR00002##

exhibits a —C—H pKa value between 18 and 29 as measured in DMSO. Specific reagents and methods for esterification are provided. The esterification reagents provided exhibit high selectivity for esterification of carboxylic acid groups over reaction with amine, alcohol or thiol groups in the compound containing one or more carboxylic acid groups. The method can be used to selectively esterify carboxylic acid groups in peptides or proteins.

Methods and reagents for esterification of biological molecules including proteins, polypeptides and peptides. Diazo compounds of formula I: ##STR00001##
where R is hydrogen, an alkyl, an alkenyl or an alkynyl, R.sub.A represents 1-5 substituents on the indicated phenyl ring and R.sub.M is an organic group, which includes a label, a cell penetrating group, a cell targeting group, or a reactive group or latent reactive group for reaction to bond to a label, a cell penetrating group, or a cell targeting group, among other organic groups are useful for esterification of biological molecules. Also provided are diazo compounds which are bifunctional and trifunctional coupling reagents as well as reagents for the synthesis of compounds of formula I.