A chemical compound of formula (I), ##STR00001##
and specific compositions including 3-methylthiopropionaldehyde, 3-methylthiopropane-1,1-diol, a compound of formula I and water, and processes for producing same and also the use of same may be used for the production of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyronitrile, methionine hydantoin, methionine. Protected forms may be used for the storage and/or transport of 3-methylthiopropionaldehyde.

A chemical compound of formula (I), ##STR00001##
and specific compositions including 3-methylthiopropionaldehyde, 3-methylthiopropane-1,1-diol, a compound of formula I and water, and processes for producing same and also the use of same may be used for the production of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyronitrile, methionine hydantoin, methionine. Protected forms may be used for the storage and/or transport of 3-methylthiopropionaldehyde.

A chemical compound of formula (I), ##STR00001##
and specific compositions including 3-methylthiopropionaldehyde, 3-methylthiopropane-1,1-diol, a compound of formula I and water, and processes for producing same and also the use of same may be used for the production of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyronitrile, methionine hydantoin, methionine. Protected forms may be used for the storage and/or transport of 3-methylthiopropionaldehyde.

The present specification discloses a method of producing a concentrated carbonate aqueous solution. The present invention relates to a method for producing a concentrated carbonate aqueous solution, comprising a step of dewatering a hydrogen carbonate aqueous solution by means of a salt blocking membrane to prepare a concentrated hydrogen carbonate aqueous solution, wherein the concentrated hydrogen carbonate aqueous solution obtained in the above step is heated to thermally decompose the hydrogen carbonate into carbonate, carbon dioxide and water, and to evaporate water to obtain a concentrate of the carbonate aqueous solution.

The present specification discloses a method of producing a concentrated carbonate aqueous solution. The present invention relates to a method for producing a concentrated carbonate aqueous solution, comprising a step of dewatering a hydrogen carbonate aqueous solution by means of a salt blocking membrane to prepare a concentrated hydrogen carbonate aqueous solution, wherein the concentrated hydrogen carbonate aqueous solution obtained in the above step is heated to thermally decompose the hydrogen carbonate into carbonate, carbon dioxide and water, and to evaporate water to obtain a concentrate of the carbonate aqueous solution.

A liquid lens fluid composition includes a polyphenyl ether molecule having from 2 to 7 aromatic rings, where the rings include ortho substitutions, meta substitutions, or a combination of ortho, meta, and para substitutions. Inter-ring linkages may include sulfur or oxygen. The liquid lens fluid composition may be characterized by a refractive index over the visible spectrum of at least 1.4, a viscosity at room temperature of less than approximately 1000 cP, and a freezing point of less than approximately −10° C.

A liquid lens fluid composition includes a polyphenyl ether molecule having from 2 to 7 aromatic rings, where the rings include ortho substitutions, meta substitutions, or a combination of ortho, meta, and para substitutions. Inter-ring linkages may include sulfur or oxygen. The liquid lens fluid composition may be characterized by a refractive index over the visible spectrum of at least 1.4, a viscosity at room temperature of less than approximately 1000 cP, and a freezing point of less than approximately −10° C.

The present invention provides a compound of formula (I), formula (II), formula (III), (IV) or a salt thereof, compositions and methods of making the compound, methods and reagents for measuring the compound, and kits using the same. The use of a compound of formula (I), formula (II), formula (III), or formula (IV) for assessing or monitoring kidney function in a subject, determining predisposition to developing reduced kidney function, classifying a subject according to level of kidney function, and diagnosing or monitoring chronic kidney disease is also described.

The present invention provides a compound of formula (I), formula (II), formula (III), (IV) or a salt thereof, compositions and methods of making the compound, methods and reagents for measuring the compound, and kits using the same. The use of a compound of formula (I), formula (II), formula (III), or formula (IV) for assessing or monitoring kidney function in a subject, determining predisposition to developing reduced kidney function, classifying a subject according to level of kidney function, and diagnosing or monitoring chronic kidney disease is also described.

The present invention relates to novel compounds containing fluorinated end groups and to the use thereof in, for example, dirt-repellent coatings.