Using a combination of Kumada, Suzuki and Biellmann chemistry, various menaquinones can synthesised rapidly and with stereochemical integrity offering a new way of preparing these vitamin K2 components for the pharmaceutical market. In one embodiment a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I)

##STR00001## is defined including a step in which (i) a compound of formula (II) is reacted with a compound of formula (III)

##STR00002## wherein R is an alkyl group; LG is a leaving group; m is an integer from 0 to 8; n is an integer of from 0 to 9; and X is hydrogen, halide, hydroxyl or protected hydroxyl; in the presence of a copper, nickel or palladium catalyst.

Using a combination of Kumada, Suzuki and Biellmann chemistry, various menaquinones can synthesised rapidly and with stereochemical integrity offering a new way of preparing these vitamin K2 components for the pharmaceutical market. In one embodiment a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I)

##STR00001## is defined including a step in which (i) a compound of formula (II) is reacted with a compound of formula (III)

##STR00002## wherein R is an alkyl group; LG is a leaving group; m is an integer from 0 to 8; n is an integer of from 0 to 9; and X is hydrogen, halide, hydroxyl or protected hydroxyl; in the presence of a copper, nickel or palladium catalyst.

Using a combination of Kumada, Suzuki and Biellmann chemistry, various menaquinones can synthesised rapidly and with stereochemical integrity offering a new way of preparing these vitamin K2 components for the pharmaceutical market. In one embodiment a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I)

##STR00001## is defined including a step in which (i) a compound of formula (II) is reacted with a compound of formula (III)

##STR00002## wherein R is an alkyl group; LG is a leaving group; m is an integer from 0 to 8; n is an integer of from 0 to 9; and X is hydrogen, halide, hydroxyl or protected hydroxyl; in the presence of a copper, nickel or palladium catalyst.

The disclosure provides recording materials including mono- or poly-phenyl-core derivatized monomers and polymers for use in volume Bragg gratings, including, but not limited to, volume Bragg gratings for holography applications. Several structures are disclosed for mono- or poly-phenyl-core derivatized monomers and polymers for use in Bragg gratings applications, leading to materials with higher refractive index, low birefringence, and high transparency. The disclosed mono- or poly-phenyl-core derivatized monomers and polymers thereof can be used in any volume Bragg gratings materials, including two-stage polymer materials where a matrix is cured in a first step, and then the volume Bragg grating is written by way of a second curing step of a monomer.

The disclosure provides recording materials including mono- or poly-phenyl-core derivatized monomers and polymers for use in volume Bragg gratings, including, but not limited to, volume Bragg gratings for holography applications. Several structures are disclosed for mono- or poly-phenyl-core derivatized monomers and polymers for use in Bragg gratings applications, leading to materials with higher refractive index, low birefringence, and high transparency. The disclosed mono- or poly-phenyl-core derivatized monomers and polymers thereof can be used in any volume Bragg gratings materials, including two-stage polymer materials where a matrix is cured in a first step, and then the volume Bragg grating is written by way of a second curing step of a monomer.

The present application relates to compounds of formulae (I)-(VII) as defined herein, compositions containing these compounds, methods of their use, and methods of making. The compounds have nematacide activity.

An objective of the present invention is to provide: a novel thiol compound; a method for synthesizing the thiol compound; a curing agent containing the thiol compound; a resin composition containing the thiol compound and an epoxy compound; and a resin composition containing the thiol compound and an enic compound having an intramolecular carbon-carbon double bond. The thiol compound of the present invention, as exemplified by the compounds listed below, is a reaction product of a certain type of dialkene compound and a thiol compound, and has two or more intramolecular thioether bonds but no ester bonds. ##STR00001##

An objective of the present invention is to provide: a novel thiol compound; a method for synthesizing the thiol compound; a curing agent containing the thiol compound; a resin composition containing the thiol compound and an epoxy compound; and a resin composition containing the thiol compound and an enic compound having an intramolecular carbon-carbon double bond. The thiol compound of the present invention, as exemplified by the compounds listed below, is a reaction product of a certain type of dialkene compound and a thiol compound, and has two or more intramolecular thioether bonds but no ester bonds. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a compound T having a thioether group from a compound D having a disulfide group in the presence of a carbene.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a compound T having a thioether group from a compound D having a disulfide group in the presence of a carbene.