The present invention provides a novel isolated succinate prodrug as the free compound or a salt, hydrate, solvate or complex thereof being cell permeable and aimed for increasing the ATP-production in mitochondria. The compound is useful in the medical treatment of a range of diseases, in nutritional supplements, nutricosmetics and in cosmetics.

The present invention provides a novel isolated succinate prodrug as the free compound or a salt, hydrate, solvate or complex thereof being cell permeable and aimed for increasing the ATP-production in mitochondria. The compound is useful in the medical treatment of a range of diseases, in nutritional supplements, nutricosmetics and in cosmetics.

A nonlinear optical material is represented by the following formula (1).

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The present disclosure relates to compounds of Formula (P) or (II′-0): (Formulae (I′), (II′-0)), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof. The present disclosure also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and therapeutic and diagnostic uses of the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions.

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The present disclosure relates to compounds of Formula (I), (II), or (II′): (I), (II), (II′), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof. The present disclosure also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and therapeutic and diagnostic uses of the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions.

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One aspect of the invention provides a composition of novel high penetration compositions (HPC) or a high penetration prodrug (HPP) for treatment of Parkinson's disease. The HPCs/HPPs are capable of being converted to parent active drugs or drug metabolites after crossing the biological barrier and thus can render treatments for the conditions that the parent drugs or metabolites can. Additionally, the HPPs are capable of reaching areas that parent drugs may not be able to access or to render a sufficient concentration at the target areas and therefore render novel treatments. The HPCs/HPPs can be administered to a subject through various administration routes, e.g., locally delivered to an action site of a condition with a high concentration or systematically administered to a biological subject and enter the general circulation with a faster rate.

One aspect of the invention provides a composition of novel high penetration compositions (HPC) or a high penetration prodrug (HPP) for treatment of Parkinson's disease. The HPCs/HPPs are capable of being converted to parent active drugs or drug metabolites after crossing the biological barrier and thus can render treatments for the conditions that the parent drugs or metabolites can. Additionally, the HPPs are capable of reaching areas that parent drugs may not be able to access or to render a sufficient concentration at the target areas and therefore render novel treatments. The HPCs/HPPs can be administered to a subject through various administration routes, e.g., locally delivered to an action site of a condition with a high concentration or systematically administered to a biological subject and enter the general circulation with a faster rate.

One aspect of the invention provides a composition of novel high penetration compositions (HPC) or a high penetration prodrug (HPP) for treatment of Parkinson's disease. The HPCs/HPPs are capable of being converted to parent active drugs or drug metabolites after crossing the biological barrier and thus can render treatments for the conditions that the parent drugs or metabolites can. Additionally, the HPPs are capable of reaching areas that parent drugs may not be able to access or to render a sufficient concentration at the target areas and therefore render novel treatments. The HPCs/HPPs can be administered to a subject through various administration routes, e.g., locally delivered to an action site of a condition with a high concentration or systematically administered to a biological subject and enter the general circulation with a faster rate.

One aspect of the invention provides a composition of novel high penetration compositions (HPC) or a high penetration prodrug (HPP) for treatment of Parkinson's disease. The HPCs/HPPs are capable of being converted to parent active drugs or drug metabolites after crossing the biological barrier and thus can render treatments for the conditions that the parent drugs or metabolites can. Additionally, the HPPs are capable of reaching areas that parent drugs may not be able to access or to render a sufficient concentration at the target areas and therefore render novel treatments. The HPCs/HPPs can be administered to a subject through various administration routes, e.g., locally delivered to an action site of a condition with a high concentration or systematically administered to a biological subject and enter the general circulation with a faster rate.

The present invention provides novel cell-permeable succinates and cell permeable precursors of succinate aimed at increasing ATP-production in mitochondria. The main part of ATP produced and utilized in the eukaryotic cell originates from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, a process to which high-energy electrons are provided by the Kreb's cycle. Not all Kreb's cycle intermediates are readily permeable to the cellular membrane, one of them being succinate. The provision of the novel cell permeable succinates is envisaged to allow passage over the cellular membrane and thus the cell permeable succinates can be used to enhance mitochondrial ATP-output.