The present invention relates to catalytically active material, comprising grains of non-graphitizing carbon with nickel nanoparticles dispersed therein, wherein dp, the average diameter of nickel nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, D, the average distance between nickel nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 2 nm to 150 nm, and ω, the combined total mass fraction of metal in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 30 wt % to 70 wt % of the total mass of the non-graphitizing carbon grains, and wherein dp, D and ω conform to the following relation: 4.5 dp/ω>D≥0.25 dp/ω. The present invention, further, relates to a process for the manufacture of material according to the invention, as well as its use as a catalyst.

The present invention relates to catalytically active material, comprising grains of non-graphitizing carbon with nickel nanoparticles dispersed therein, wherein dp, the average diameter of nickel nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, D, the average distance between nickel nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 2 nm to 150 nm, and ω, the combined total mass fraction of metal in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 30 wt % to 70 wt % of the total mass of the non-graphitizing carbon grains, and wherein dp, D and ω conform to the following relation: 4.5 dp/ω>D≥0.25 dp/ω. The present invention, further, relates to a process for the manufacture of material according to the invention, as well as its use as a catalyst.

The present invention relates to catalytically active material, comprising grains of non-graphitizing carbon with iron nanoparticles dispersed therein, wherein d.sub.p, the average diameter of iron nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, D, the average distance between iron nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 2 nm to 150 nm, and ω, the combined total mass fraction of metal in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 30 wt % to 70 wt % of the total mass of the non-graphitizing carbon grains, and wherein d.sub.p, D and ω conform to the following relation: 4.5 d.sub.p/ω>D≥0.25 d.sub.p/ω. The present invention, further, relates to a process for the manufacture of material according to the invention, as well as its use as a catalyst.

The present invention relates to catalytically active material, comprising grains of non-graphitizing carbon with iron nanoparticles dispersed therein, wherein d.sub.p, the average diameter of iron nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, D, the average distance between iron nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 2 nm to 150 nm, and ω, the combined total mass fraction of metal in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 30 wt % to 70 wt % of the total mass of the non-graphitizing carbon grains, and wherein d.sub.p, D and ω conform to the following relation: 4.5 d.sub.p/ω>D≥0.25 d.sub.p/ω. The present invention, further, relates to a process for the manufacture of material according to the invention, as well as its use as a catalyst.

The present invention relates to catalytically active material, comprising grains of non-graphitizing carbon with cobalt nanoparticles dispersed therein, wherein d.sub.p, the average diameter of cobalt nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, D, the average distance between cobalt nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 2 nm to 150 nm, and ω, the combined total mass fraction of metal in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 30 wt % to 70 wt % of the total mass of the non-graphitizing carbon grains, and wherein d.sub.p, D and ω conform to the following relation: 4.5 d.sub.p/ω>D≥0.25 d.sub.p/ω. The present invention, further, relates to a process for the manufacture of material according to the invention, as well as its use as a catalyst.

The present invention relates to catalytically active material, comprising grains of non-graphitizing carbon with cobalt nanoparticles dispersed therein, wherein d.sub.p, the average diameter of cobalt nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, D, the average distance between cobalt nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 2 nm to 150 nm, and ω, the combined total mass fraction of metal in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 30 wt % to 70 wt % of the total mass of the non-graphitizing carbon grains, and wherein d.sub.p, D and ω conform to the following relation: 4.5 d.sub.p/ω>D≥0.25 d.sub.p/ω. The present invention, further, relates to a process for the manufacture of material according to the invention, as well as its use as a catalyst.

A method of producing an alcohol, comprises reducing an aldehyde or a ketone with a hydridosilatrane. The reducing is carried out with an activator.

A method of producing an alcohol, comprises reducing an aldehyde or a ketone with a hydridosilatrane. The reducing is carried out with an activator.

Disclosed in the present invention are a functionalized fluoroalkyl silane compound and a synthetic method therefor. The method comprises: dissolving a halosilane and a fluoroalkyl source in an organic solvent; and synthesizing functionalized fluoroalkyl silane under the effect of an alkali or a tertiary phosphine compound. The functionalized fluoroalkyl silane can not only be used for constructing a series of high added-value compounds such as fluoroalkyl substituted alcohols, ketones and amines that can be constructed by conventional TMSR.sub.f, but also can transfer, by means of appropriate conversion, a functional group on a silicon protecting group to the obtained addition product in an addition reaction, for synthesizing some fluorine-containing compounds that cannot be synthesized by using a conventional TMSR.sub.f reagent, thereby greatly improving the synthesis efficiency and the atom economy of reactions. Also disclosed in the present invention are more excellent reaction efficiency and enantioselectivity, compared with conventional TMSCF.sub.3, exhibited by trifluoromethyl chloromethylsilane in synthesis of a 2-trifluoromethylquinoline compound and in an asymmetric trifluoromethylation reaction with α,β-unsaturated ketones.

Disclosed in the present invention are a functionalized fluoroalkyl silane compound and a synthetic method therefor. The method comprises: dissolving a halosilane and a fluoroalkyl source in an organic solvent; and synthesizing functionalized fluoroalkyl silane under the effect of an alkali or a tertiary phosphine compound. The functionalized fluoroalkyl silane can not only be used for constructing a series of high added-value compounds such as fluoroalkyl substituted alcohols, ketones and amines that can be constructed by conventional TMSR.sub.f, but also can transfer, by means of appropriate conversion, a functional group on a silicon protecting group to the obtained addition product in an addition reaction, for synthesizing some fluorine-containing compounds that cannot be synthesized by using a conventional TMSR.sub.f reagent, thereby greatly improving the synthesis efficiency and the atom economy of reactions. Also disclosed in the present invention are more excellent reaction efficiency and enantioselectivity, compared with conventional TMSCF.sub.3, exhibited by trifluoromethyl chloromethylsilane in synthesis of a 2-trifluoromethylquinoline compound and in an asymmetric trifluoromethylation reaction with α,β-unsaturated ketones.