The invention relates to compounds of Formula I or Formula II: to compositions comprising such compounds, and to methods of use thereof for treating neurodegenerative disorders, such as Friedreich ataxia.

A polar compound has a high chemical stability, high ability to align liquid crystal molecules and high solubility in a liquid crystal composition, and causes no decrease of liquid crystallinity of the liquid crystal composition, a liquid crystal composition contains the compound, and a liquid crystal display device includes the composition. The compound is represented by formula (1), the composition contains the compound, and the liquid crystal display device uses the composition. ##STR00001## In formula (1), R.sup.1 is alkyl having 3 to 15 carbons, alkenyl having 4 to 15 carbons or the like; a is an integer from 2 to 12; and R.sup.2 is a group represented by formula (1a), formula (1b) or formula (1c). ##STR00002## In the formulas, S.sup.1 and S.sup.2 are independently a single bond, alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons; S.sup.3 is >CH— or >N—; S.sup.4 is >C< or >Si<; and X.sup.1 is —OH, —NH.sub.2 or the like.

To provide a novel fluorine-containing compound that does not include any long chain perfluoroalkyl unit having 8 or more carbon atoms, which is problematic in terms of the environment, and that is excellent in water repellency/oil repellency, and a surface modifier using the compound. [Solution] There are used a fluorine-containing compound represented by the following general formula (1), the following general formula (2) or the following general formula (5): Rf.sup.1—(CR.sup.1═CR.sup.2—X—Rf.sup.2).sub.n—Y—Z (1), Rf.sup.1—(X—CR.sup.1═CR.sup.2—Rf.sup.2).sub.n—Y—Z (2) or Rf.sup.3—(CF═CR.sup.3—CR.sup.4═CF—Rf.sup.4).sub.n—Y—Z (5); and a surface modifier using the compound.

A perfluorinated 1-alkoxypropene represented by general Formula (I), compositions that include such compounds, and methods and systems that include such compositions are provided, wherein Formula (I) is represented by: R.sub.fOCFCFCF.sub.3 wherein R.sub.f is a linear, branched, or cyclic perfluoroalkyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms and optionally further including 1 to 3 nitrogen and/or 1 to 4 oxygen catenary heteroatoms.

Provided is a flux activator containing a halogen compound represented by formula 1 below: ##STR00001## where X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 represent different halogen atoms, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each a group represented by any one of formulas OH, OR.sup.3, OC(O)R.sup.4, and OC(O)NHR.sup.5, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 optionally represent the same group or different groups, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are each an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 optionally represent the same group or different groups.

Intermediates and methods of their use in the synthesis of analogs of halichondrin B are provided.

To provide a novel fluorine-containing compound that does not include any long chain perfluoroalkyl unit having 8 or more carbon atoms, which is problematic in terms of the environment, and that is excellent in water repellency/oil repellency, and a surface modifier using the compound. [Solution] There are used a fluorine-containing compound represented by the following general formula (1), the following general formula (2) or the following general formula (5): Rf.sup.1(CR.sup.1CR.sup.2XRf.sup.2).sub.nYZ (1), Rf.sup.1(XCR.sup.1CR.sup.2Rf.sup.2).sub.nYZ (2) or Rf.sup.3(CFCR.sup.3CR.sup.4CFRf.sup.4).sub.nYZ (5); and a surface modifier using the compound.

The present invention provides macrocyclic compounds, synthesis of the same and intermediates thereto. Such compounds, and compositions thereof, are useful for treating or preventing proliferative disorders Formula (F-4). ##STR00001##

The disclosure includes brominated alkenyl alcohols, their use as a flame retardant in polyurethane and polyurethane foams, and polyurethanes containing the brominated alkenyl alcohols. Compositions, methods, and processes are disclosed. The brominated alkenyl alcohols used as flame retardants in polyurethanes can be generally described by Formula (I), the scope of which is disclosed herein. ##STR00001##

The invention relates to compounds of Formula I or Formula II: to compositions comprising such compounds, and to methods of use thereof for treating neurodegenerative disorders, such as Friedreich ataxia.