The present disclosure provides, for example, a compound represented by general formula (6) below or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound or salt:

##STR00001##

wherein X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3 and X.sub.4 are each independently —CR.sub.2═ or —N═, R.sub.2 is, for example, a halogen atom, R.sub.1 is, for example, —S(═O).sub.2—NH—R.sub.8, R.sub.8 is, for example, a C1-6 alkyl group, R.sub.3 is, for example, a hydrogen atom, R.sub.5 is, for example, a halogen atom, R.sub.6 is, for example, a hydrogen atom, and R.sub.4 is, for example, a cyclopropyl group. The compounds, salts or solvates provided by the present disclosure exhibit high RAF/MEK complex-stabilizing activity and can be used for the treatment or prevention of cell proliferative disorders, particularly cancers.

The present disclosure provides, for example, a compound represented by general formula (6) below or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound or salt:

##STR00001##

wherein X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3 and X.sub.4 are each independently —CR.sub.2═ or —N═, R.sub.2 is, for example, a halogen atom, R.sub.1 is, for example, —S(═O).sub.2—NH—R.sub.8, R.sub.8 is, for example, a C1-6 alkyl group, R.sub.3 is, for example, a hydrogen atom, R.sub.5 is, for example, a halogen atom, R.sub.6 is, for example, a hydrogen atom, and R.sub.4 is, for example, a cyclopropyl group. The compounds, salts or solvates provided by the present disclosure exhibit high RAF/MEK complex-stabilizing activity and can be used for the treatment or prevention of cell proliferative disorders, particularly cancers.

An electrodeposition composition comprising: (a) a source of copper ions; (b) an acid; (c) a suppressor; and (d) a leveler, wherein the leveler comprises a quaternized dipyridyl compound prepared by reacting a dipyridyl compound with a difunctional alkylating agent or a quaternized poly(epihalohydrin). The electrodeposition composition can be used in a process for forming a copper feature over a semiconductor substrate in wafer level packaging to electrodeposit a copper bump or pillar on an underbump structure of a semiconductor assembly.

The disclosure is directed to, in part, compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, for modulating the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase such as ALDH2 and/or methods for treating and/or preventing an alcohol related disorder such as alcohol use disorder, alcohol induced disorder, alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, alcohol intoxication, alcohol withdrawal, and the like and/or methods for reducing the amount of alcohol consumed, reducing alcoholic cravings, or increasing the percentage of no heavy drinking days for a subject with alcohol use disorder.

The disclosure is directed to, in part, compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, for modulating the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase such as ALDH2 and/or methods for treating and/or preventing an alcohol related disorder such as alcohol use disorder, alcohol induced disorder, alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, alcohol intoxication, alcohol withdrawal, and the like and/or methods for reducing the amount of alcohol consumed, reducing alcoholic cravings, or increasing the percentage of no heavy drinking days for a subject with alcohol use disorder.

The present invention provides a route for synthesizing monofunctional thiuram compounds that is safe, environmentally friendly, and cost effective. This method specifically involves synthesizing a monofunctional thiuram by (1) reacting a tetraorganylthiuram disulfide with an organyl mercaptan to produce the monofunctional thiuram and a dithiocarbamate metal salt or a dithiocarbamate metalloid salt under basic conditions, (2) separating the monofunctional thiuram in an organic phase from the dithiocarbamate metal salt or the dithiocarbamate metalloid salt in an aqueous phase, and (3) recovering the monofunctional thiuram from the aqueous phase. The monofunctional thiuram compounds made in accordance with this invention are of particular value as accelerators for use in the vulcanization of rubber. The use of these monofunctional thiuram compounds as accelerators provides good cure rates and as well as good scorch safety.

The disclosure is directed to, in part, compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, for modulating the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase such as ALDH2 and/or methods for treating and/or preventing an alcohol related disorder such as alcohol use disorder, alcohol induced disorder, alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, alcohol intoxication, alcohol withdrawal, and the like and/or methods for reducing the amount of alcohol consumed, reducing alcoholic cravings, or increasing the percentage of no heavy drinking days for a subject with alcohol use disorder.

The disclosure is directed to, in part, compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, for modulating the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase such as ALDH2 and/or methods for treating and/or preventing an alcohol related disorder such as alcohol use disorder, alcohol induced disorder, alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, alcohol intoxication, alcohol withdrawal, and the like and/or methods for reducing the amount of alcohol consumed, reducing alcoholic cravings, or increasing the percentage of no heavy drinking days for a subject with alcohol use disorder.

The present invention provides a route for synthesizing monofunctional thiuram compounds that is safe, environmentally friendly, and cost effective. This method specifically involves synthesizing a monofunctional thiuram by (1) reacting a tetraorganylthiuram disulfide with an organyl mercaptan to produce the monofunctional thiuram and a dithiocarbamate metal salt or a dithiocarbamate metalloid salt under basic conditions, (2) separating the monofunctional thiuram in an organic phase from the dithiocarbamate metal salt or the dithiocarbamate metalloid salt in an aqueous phase, and (3) recovering the monofunctional thiuram from the aqueous phase. The monofunctional thiuram compounds made in accordance with this invention are of particular value as accelerators for use in the vulcanization of rubber. The use of these monofunctional thiuram compounds as accelerators provides good cure rates and as well as good scorch safety.

An electrodeposition composition comprising: (a) a source of copper ions; (b) an acid; (c) a suppressor; and (d) a leveler, wherein the leveler comprises a quaternized dipyridyl compound prepared by reacting a dipyridyl compound with a difunctional alkylating agent or a quaternized poly(epihalohydrin). The electrodeposition composition can be used in a process for forming a copper feature over a semiconductor substrate in wafer level packaging to electrodeposit a copper bump or pillar on an underbump structure of a semiconductor assembly.