The present invention provides methods for inhibiting respiratory complex III in a cell. The present invention also provides methods for treating cancer in a subject.

The present invention provides methods for inhibiting respiratory complex III in a cell. The present invention also provides methods for treating cancer in a subject.

The present invention provides methods for inhibiting respiratory complex III in a cell. The present invention also provides methods for treating cancer in a subject.

The present invention provides methods for inhibiting respiratory complex III in a cell. The present invention also provides methods for treating cancer in a subject.

The present invention provides methods for inhibiting respiratory complex III in a cell. The present invention also provides methods for treating cancer in a subject.

The present disclosure is generally directed to neuroactive enantiomeric 15-, 16- and 17-substituted steroids with additional optional substituents at carbons 3, 4, 6, 7, 10 and 13, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, for use as, for example, modulators for GABA type-A receptors. The present disclosure is further directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds.

Disclosed is a method for production of oxygenated diterpenoid compounds, such as triptophenolide, triptonide and triptolide, by inserting genes encoding particular cytochrome P450 enzymes and expressing the genes in selected host cells for synthesis of the compounds. Further disclosed are particular cytochrome P450 enzymes suitable for this synthesis.

Disclosed is a method for production of oxygenated diterpenoid compounds, such as triptophenolide, triptonide and triptolide, by inserting genes encoding particular cytochrome P450 enzymes and expressing the genes in selected host cells for synthesis of the compounds. Further disclosed are particular cytochrome P450 enzymes suitable for this synthesis.