The rubber composition comprises at least one phenol/aldehyde resin based on:

at least one aromatic polyphenol comprising at least one aromatic ring bearing at least two hydroxyl functions in the meta position relative to one another, the two positions ortho to at least one of the hydroxyl functions being unsubstituted, and

at least one aldehyde of formula (A):

##STR00001##

in which:

X comprises N, S or O,

R represents —H or —CHO.

A method of producing THB with improved efficiency is provided. Provided is a method of producing trihydroxybenzene (THB), the method comprising a step of heating a bacterial culture liquid comprising deoxy-scyllo-inosose (DOI) at a high temperature of no lower than 80° C. to obtain a product solution comprising trihydroxybenzene (THB).

A method of producing THB with improved efficiency is provided. Provided is a method of producing trihydroxybenzene (THB), the method comprising a step of heating a bacterial culture liquid comprising deoxy-scyllo-inosose (DOI) at a high temperature of no lower than 80° C. to obtain a product solution comprising trihydroxybenzene (THB).

The present invention provides one method for the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable chlorogenic acid, which comprises the following steps: a. Treating the sample aqueous solution; b. Freezing; c. Thawing and filtering; d. Treating the residue organic phase; e. Concentrating and crystallizing; f. Choosing the number of times to repeat steps a-e according to the variability of chlorogenic acid content in samples; g. Drying. If the chlorogenic acid extract is isolated and purified using this method, water-soluble impurities and liposoluble impurities can be well removed, that allows the impurity content of final products has fulfilled the requirements for medicine; meanwhile, the procedures of this method are simple, and organic solvents can be recycled for further use, with low cost. This method can be applied for the further isolation and purification of chlorogenic acid extract obtained by various ways, especially for the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable chlorogenic acid.

The present invention provides one method for the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable chlorogenic acid, which comprises the following steps: a. Treating the sample aqueous solution; b. Freezing; c. Thawing and filtering; d. Treating the residue organic phase; e. Concentrating and crystallizing; f. Choosing the number of times to repeat steps a-e according to the variability of chlorogenic acid content in samples; g. Drying. If the chlorogenic acid extract is isolated and purified using this method, water-soluble impurities and liposoluble impurities can be well removed, that allows the impurity content of final products has fulfilled the requirements for medicine; meanwhile, the procedures of this method are simple, and organic solvents can be recycled for further use, with low cost. This method can be applied for the further isolation and purification of chlorogenic acid extract obtained by various ways, especially for the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable chlorogenic acid.

The present invention relates to a phosphonium-based compound represented by chemical formula 1, an epoxy resin composition containing the same, and a semiconductor device manufactured by using the same.

The present invention relates to a phosphonium-based compound represented by chemical formula 1, an epoxy resin composition containing the same, and a semiconductor device manufactured by using the same.

A method of depolymerising a lignin includes oxidising the lignin to provide an oxidised lignin wherein benzylic —OH of β-O-4 linkages have been converted to carbonyl. The oxidised lignin is depolymerised with a metal selected from the group consisting of zinc, magnesium, aluminium and titanium or mixtures thereof, in the presence of an ammonium salt or carbon dioxide. Also described are methods for manufacturing phenolic products from lignin and a method for the cleavage of a β-O-4 linkage in a substrate.

A method of depolymerising a lignin includes oxidising the lignin to provide an oxidised lignin wherein benzylic —OH of β-O-4 linkages have been converted to carbonyl. The oxidised lignin is depolymerised with a metal selected from the group consisting of zinc, magnesium, aluminium and titanium or mixtures thereof, in the presence of an ammonium salt or carbon dioxide. Also described are methods for manufacturing phenolic products from lignin and a method for the cleavage of a β-O-4 linkage in a substrate.

The present disclosure provides sweetener compositions, methods of using these compositions, and foods, beverages, and syrups comprising these compositions. The sweetener composition can comprise a sweetener and a sweetness enhancer. The composition can further comprise at least one supplemental sweetness enhancer and/or a salt.