The present disclosure provides the compound:

##STR00001##

and geometric isomers and/or stereoisomers thereof, or a mixture of isomers thereof. The present disclosure also provides compounds having said structure for use in treating symptoms associated with skin ageing and promoting skin health and appearance.

The present disclosure provides esters of a retinoid and an alcohol selected from the group consisting of tocopherols and tert-butylhydroquinone, such as esters of Formula (I). The present disclosure also provides compositions and kits comprising the esters, methods of producing the esters, and methods of using the esters (e.g., for treating or preventing a skin disease, slowing the ageing of the skin, improving the appearance of the skin, or modulating a retinoid receptor).

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a nanoparticle comprising a drug dimer and a use thereof. The nanoparticle comprising a drug dimer of the present invention can increase the drug content and improve the dispersibility of the drug. In addition, the nanoparticle has increased targeting efficiency. Therefore, an effective pharmacological effect can be obtained by using a drug in a less amount, and thus the nanoparticle has excellent commercial applicability.

The compound represented by formula (IV) or a salt thereof has an inhibitory action on an abscisic acid receptor. The compound or the salt thereof can be used as a plant growth regulator.

##STR00001##

wherein X is an ethylene group, an ethenylene group or an ethynylene group, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, and the phenyl group and naphthyl group each optionally have a substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C1-6 alkyl group, a C1-6 alkyl group substituted with a halogen atom, a C1-6 alkoxy group, an acetyl group, an amino group, an acetylamino group, a phenyl group and a pentafluorosulfanyl group.

The compound represented by formula (IV) or a salt thereof has an inhibitory action on an abscisic acid receptor. The compound or the salt thereof can be used as a plant growth regulator.

##STR00001##

wherein X is an ethylene group, an ethenylene group or an ethynylene group, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, and the phenyl group and naphthyl group each optionally have a substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C1-6 alkyl group, a C1-6 alkyl group substituted with a halogen atom, a C1-6 alkoxy group, an acetyl group, an amino group, an acetylamino group, a phenyl group and a pentafluorosulfanyl group.

Compounds of the formula 1 ##STR00001##
wherein, R is hydrogen, alkyl or substituted alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl, are useful intermediates in the synthesis of fragrance ingredients such as Ambrox 2 ##STR00002##

Compounds of the formula 1 ##STR00001##
wherein, R is hydrogen, alkyl or substituted alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl, are useful intermediates in the synthesis of fragrance ingredients such as Ambrox 2 ##STR00002##

The present invention relates to a compound having formula (I) below or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

##STR00001##

wherein:

X is —COOH or NH.sub.2;

R is a straight or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkylene chain; and

R.sub.1 is H, straight or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, aryl, or R.sub.2CO— wherein R.sub.2 is straight or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, for use as antitumoral agents.

The present invention relates to a compound having formula (I) below or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

##STR00001##

wherein:

X is —COOH or NH.sub.2;

R is a straight or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkylene chain; and

R.sub.1 is H, straight or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, aryl, or R.sub.2CO— wherein R.sub.2 is straight or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, for use as antitumoral agents.

The present invention provides methods and compositions for treating atopic dermatitis by cyclohexenone compounds.