This application is directed to use of transition metal-ligand complexes to hydrogenate fluorinated esters and carboxamides into fluorinated hemiacetals. Methods for synthesis of certain ligands are also provided.

This application is directed to use of transition metal-ligand complexes to hydrogenate fluorinated esters and carboxamides into fluorinated hemiacetals. Methods for synthesis of certain ligands are also provided.

This application is directed to use of transition metal-ligand complexes to hydrogenate fluorinated esters and carboxamides into fluorinated hemiacetals. Methods for synthesis of certain ligands are also provided.

Disclosed are compositions for attracting insects (e.g., harmful or troublesome insects such as blood-sucking and biting insects, ticks and mites) to an object (e.g., insect trap) or area (e.g., field, orchard). Also disclosed are methods for attracting insects involving treating (or exposing) the object or area with a composition containing compounds described herein (e.g., a pro-fragrance compound selected from the group consisting of an acetal, a ketal, hemiacetal and mixtures thereof, wherein at least one of a parent aldehyde, ketone, or alcohol of the pro-fragrance acetal or ketal is a fragrance compound), and optionally a carrier or carrier material.

Disclosed are compositions for attracting insects (e.g., harmful or troublesome insects such as blood-sucking and biting insects, ticks and mites) to an object (e.g., insect trap) or area (e.g., field, orchard). Also disclosed are methods for attracting insects involving treating (or exposing) the object or area with a composition containing compounds described herein (e.g., a pro-fragrance compound selected from the group consisting of an acetal, a ketal, hemiacetal and mixtures thereof, wherein at least one of a parent aldehyde, ketone, or alcohol of the pro-fragrance acetal or ketal is a fragrance compound), and optionally a carrier or carrier material.

Disclosed are compositions for attracting insects (e.g., harmful or troublesome insects such as blood-sucking and biting insects, ticks and mites) to an object (e.g., insect trap) or area (e.g., field, orchard). Also disclosed are methods for attracting insects involving treating (or exposing) the object or area with a composition containing compounds described herein (e.g., a pro-fragrance compound selected from the group consisting of an acetal, a ketal, hemiacetal and mixtures thereof, wherein at least one of a parent aldehyde, ketone, or alcohol of the pro-fragrance acetal or ketal is a fragrance compound), and optionally a carrier or carrier material.

Disclosed are compositions for attracting insects (e.g., harmful or troublesome insects such as blood-sucking and biting insects, ticks and mites) to an object (e.g., insect trap) or area (e.g., field, orchard). Also disclosed are methods for attracting insects involving treating (or exposing) the object or area with a composition containing compounds described herein (e.g., a pro-fragrance compound selected from the group consisting of an acetal, a ketal, hemiacetal and mixtures thereof, wherein at least one of a parent aldehyde, ketone, or alcohol of the pro-fragrance acetal or ketal is a fragrance compound), and optionally a carrier or carrier material.

A method of manufacturing a cetane-boosting fuel additive includes reacting formaldehyde and 2-ethylhexanol at a mole ratio of 10:1 to 1:1, or 5:1 to 1.5:1, or 4:1 to 2:1, or 3.5:1 to 2.5:1 in the presence of a heterogeneous acid catalyst at a temperature of 300 to 375 K to obtain a cetane-boosting product mixture comprising H.sub.3C(CH.sub.2).sub.3CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2(OCH.sub.2).sub.nOH, H.sub.3C(CH.sub.2).sub.3CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2(OCH.sub.2).sub.nOCH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)(CH.sub.2).sub.3CH.sub.3, or a combination thereof, wherein n has an average value of 2.8 to 3.2, preferably an average value of 3.

A method of manufacturing a cetane-boosting fuel additive includes reacting formaldehyde and 2-ethylhexanol at a mole ratio of 10:1 to 1:1, or 5:1 to 1.5:1, or 4:1 to 2:1, or 3.5:1 to 2.5:1 in the presence of a heterogeneous acid catalyst at a temperature of 300 to 375 K to obtain a cetane-boosting product mixture comprising H.sub.3C(CH.sub.2).sub.3CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2(OCH.sub.2).sub.nOH, H.sub.3C(CH.sub.2).sub.3CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2(OCH.sub.2).sub.nOCH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)(CH.sub.2).sub.3CH.sub.3, or a combination thereof, wherein n has an average value of 2.8 to 3.2, preferably an average value of 3.

This application is directed to use of transition metal-ligand complexes to hydrogenate fluorinated esters and carboxamides into fluorinated hemiacetals. Methods for synthesis of certain ligands are also provided.