A method for producing butadiene, the method including: a first synthesis step of bringing a mixed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide into contact with a first catalyst to obtain a primary product containing ethanol as an intermediate; and a second synthesis step of bringing the primary product into contact with a second catalyst to obtain butadiene.

A method for producing butadiene, the method including: a first synthesis step of bringing a mixed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide into contact with a first catalyst to obtain a primary product containing ethanol as an intermediate; and a second synthesis step of bringing the primary product into contact with a second catalyst to obtain butadiene.

Provided is a process for preparing dry methacrolein which maximizes capture of methanol. Also provided is a process for producing methyl methacrylate.

This disclosure relates to N-substituted Pd(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene-pyridine complexes, methods of preparing the complexes, and methods of using the complexes in Sonogashira coupling reactions.

This disclosure relates to N-substituted Pd(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene-pyridine complexes, methods of preparing the complexes, and methods of using the complexes in Sonogashira coupling reactions.

The present disclosure provides a process. In an embodiment, the process includes providing a first blend composed of nonanals, C.sub.8 olefins and C.sub.7-C.sub.9 alkanes. The process includes adding, to the first blend, a component selected from C.sub.4 aldehyde, C.sub.5 aldehyde, and combinations thereof to form a non-aqueous reaction mixture having an initial water content from 0 wt% to 10 wt % water. The process includes introducing an organic base catalyst to the non-aqueous reaction mixture and heating the non-aqueous reaction mixture to a temperature from 30° C. to 100° C. and cross-aldol condensing the non-aqueous reaction mixture. The process includes forming a cross-aldol product composed of a component selected from C.sub.8 enals, C.sub.10 enals, C.sub.13 enals, C.sub.14 enals, and C.sub.18 enals, and combinations thereof.

The present disclosure provides a process. In an embodiment, the process includes providing a first blend composed of nonanals, C.sub.8 olefins and C.sub.7-C.sub.9 alkanes. The process includes adding, to the first blend, a component selected from C.sub.4 aldehyde, C.sub.5 aldehyde, and combinations thereof to form a non-aqueous reaction mixture having an initial water content from 0 wt% to 10 wt % water. The process includes introducing an organic base catalyst to the non-aqueous reaction mixture and heating the non-aqueous reaction mixture to a temperature from 30° C. to 100° C. and cross-aldol condensing the non-aqueous reaction mixture. The process includes forming a cross-aldol product composed of a component selected from C.sub.8 enals, C.sub.10 enals, C.sub.13 enals, C.sub.14 enals, and C.sub.18 enals, and combinations thereof.

Nickel-based catalysts comprising silicon modified nickel (nickel silicate) are provided, as are methods for using the catalysts to i) convert methane to CO and H.sub.2 (e.g. for use in synthetic chemical compound production); or to ii) convert methane to oxygenated hydrocarbons e.g. one or more of methanol, acetone, formaldehyde, and dimethyl ether. The catalysts are bifunctional and comprise both Ni metallic catalytic sites and acidic nickel-silicon catalytic sites, and the conversions are performed under moderate reaction conditions.

Nickel-based catalysts comprising silicon modified nickel (nickel silicate) are provided, as are methods for using the catalysts to i) convert methane to CO and H.sub.2 (e.g. for use in synthetic chemical compound production); or to ii) convert methane to oxygenated hydrocarbons e.g. one or more of methanol, acetone, formaldehyde, and dimethyl ether. The catalysts are bifunctional and comprise both Ni metallic catalytic sites and acidic nickel-silicon catalytic sites, and the conversions are performed under moderate reaction conditions.

A hydrocarbon compound and carbon monoxide are reacted in the presence of either a supported chromium (VI) catalyst or a supported chromium (II) catalyst, optionally with UV-visible light irradiation and/or exposure to an oxidizing atmosphere, followed by removing a reaction product containing an alcohol compound and/or a carbonyl compound from the respective chromium catalyst. Often, the reaction product contains one or more ketone and/or aldehyde compounds.