Zwitterion ligand metal complexes and methods of aerobic oxidation using a zwitterion ligand metal complex are provided. The zwitterion ligand metal complexes can include a transition metal salt and a zwitterion ligand, which can comprise a non-conjugated amide anion-phosphonium cation, an amide anion-ammonium cation, or an iminium cation. The methods of aerobic oxidation can include combining the zwitterion ligand metal complex with an oxidizable compound and molecular oxygen to allow the isolation of an oxidized compound from the oxidizable compound.

Zwitterion ligand metal complexes and methods of aerobic oxidation using a zwitterion ligand metal complex are provided. The zwitterion ligand metal complexes can include a transition metal salt and a zwitterion ligand, which can comprise a non-conjugated amide anion-phosphonium cation, an amide anion-ammonium cation, or an iminium cation. The methods of aerobic oxidation can include combining the zwitterion ligand metal complex with an oxidizable compound and molecular oxygen to allow the isolation of an oxidized compound from the oxidizable compound.

A method of combatting colour loss from a dyed material, the method comprising contacting the material with a composition comprising an alpha-substituted aldehyde.

A method of combatting colour loss from a dyed material, the method comprising contacting the material with a composition comprising an alpha-substituted aldehyde.

Zwitterion ligand metal complexes and methods of aerobic oxidation using a zwitterion ligand metal complex are provided. The zwitterion ligand metal complexes can include a transition metal salt and a zwitterion ligand, which can comprise a non-conjugated amide anion-phosphonium cation, an amide anion-ammonium cation, or an iminium cation. The methods of aerobic oxidation can include combining the zwitterion ligand metal complex with an oxidizable compound and molecular oxygen to allow the isolation of an oxidized compound from the oxidizable compound.

Zwitterion ligand metal complexes and methods of aerobic oxidation using a zwitterion ligand metal complex are provided. The zwitterion ligand metal complexes can include a transition metal salt and a zwitterion ligand, which can comprise a non-conjugated amide anion-phosphonium cation, an amide anion-ammonium cation, or an iminium cation. The methods of aerobic oxidation can include combining the zwitterion ligand metal complex with an oxidizable compound and molecular oxygen to allow the isolation of an oxidized compound from the oxidizable compound.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a fluorinated organic compound, whereby an iodosylbenzene derivative can be easily separated and recovered. The above object can be achieved by a method for producing a fluorinated organic compound, comprising step A of fluorinating an organic compound (1) by reaction with a fluorine source (3) in the presence of a hypervalent iodine aromatic ring compound (2a), or in the presence of an iodine aromatic ring compound (2b) and an oxidant (2bo); wherein the fluorine source (3) is a fluorine source (3a) represented by formula: MF.sub.n, wherein M is H, a metal of Group 1 of the periodic table, or a metal of Group 2 of the periodic table; and n is 1 or 2; and step B of separating the iodine aromatic ring compound from a reaction liquid after step A is started.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a fluorinated organic compound, whereby an iodosylbenzene derivative can be easily separated and recovered. The above object can be achieved by a method for producing a fluorinated organic compound, comprising step A of fluorinating an organic compound (1) by reaction with a fluorine source (3) in the presence of a hypervalent iodine aromatic ring compound (2a), or in the presence of an iodine aromatic ring compound (2b) and an oxidant (2bo); wherein the fluorine source (3) is a fluorine source (3a) represented by formula: MF.sub.n, wherein M is H, a metal of Group 1 of the periodic table, or a metal of Group 2 of the periodic table; and n is 1 or 2; and step B of separating the iodine aromatic ring compound from a reaction liquid after step A is started.

Fluoral is obtained by gas-phase fluorination of chloral in the presence of a catalyst and then reacted with trimethyl orthoformate, thereby readily forming 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl methyl ether as an intermediate for production of desflurane. 1,2,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether (desflurane) is produced with high yield from the thus-formed 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl methyl ether by chlorination and fluorination. This method enables efficient industrial-scale production of desflurane useful as an inhalation anesthetic.

Fluoral is obtained by gas-phase fluorination of chloral in the presence of a catalyst and then reacted with trimethyl orthoformate, thereby readily forming 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl methyl ether as an intermediate for production of desflurane. 1,2,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether (desflurane) is produced with high yield from the thus-formed 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl methyl ether by chlorination and fluorination. This method enables efficient industrial-scale production of desflurane useful as an inhalation anesthetic.