Various embodiments disclosed relate to bridged phthalocyanine- and napththalocyanine-metal complex catalysts and methods using the same for oxidation reactions. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of oxidation including contacting an oxidizable starting material including an alkene with a catalyst and an oxidant, to provide an oxidized product.

Various embodiments disclosed relate to bridged phthalocyanine- and napththalocyanine-metal complex catalysts and methods using the same for oxidation reactions. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of oxidation including contacting an oxidizable starting material including an alkene with a catalyst and an oxidant, to provide an oxidized product.

The present invention provides a vinylether compound of the following general formula (1), wherein R.sup.1 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and the wavy line represents the E-form, the Z-form, or a mixture thereof. The present invention further provides a process for preparing 2,3,4,4-tetramethyl-1-cyclopentenecarbaldehyde of the following formula of the following formula (2), the process comprising subjecting the vinylether compound (1) to a hydrolysis reaction to form 2,3,4,4-tetramethyl-1-cyclopentenecarbaldehyde (2).

##STR##

##STR##

The present invention provides a vinylether compound of the following general formula (1), wherein R.sup.1 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and the wavy line represents the E-form, the Z-form, or a mixture thereof. The present invention further provides a process for preparing 2,3,4,4-tetramethyl-1-cyclopentenecarbaldehyde of the following formula of the following formula (2), the process comprising subjecting the vinylether compound (1) to a hydrolysis reaction to form 2,3,4,4-tetramethyl-1-cyclopentenecarbaldehyde (2).

##STR##

##STR##

The present invention relates to an acetal compound of the following general formula (1) and an acetal compound of the following general formula (2). The present invention relates to processes for preparing the acetal compound (2), comprising subjecting the acetal compound (1) to a hydrogenation reaction to form the acetal compound (2). The present invention provides a process for preparing 2,3,4,4-tetramethylcyclopentanecarbaldehyde of the following formula (3), comprising subjecting the acetal compound (2) to a hydrolysis reaction to form 2,3,4,4-tetramethylcyclopentanecarbaldehyde (3).

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to an acetal compound of the following general formula (1) and an acetal compound of the following general formula (2). The present invention relates to processes for preparing the acetal compound (2), comprising subjecting the acetal compound (1) to a hydrogenation reaction to form the acetal compound (2). The present invention provides a process for preparing 2,3,4,4-tetramethylcyclopentanecarbaldehyde of the following formula (3), comprising subjecting the acetal compound (2) to a hydrolysis reaction to form 2,3,4,4-tetramethylcyclopentanecarbaldehyde (3).

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to an acetal compound of the following general formula (1) and an acetal compound of the following general formula (2). The present invention relates to processes for preparing the acetal compound (2), comprising subjecting the acetal compound (1) to a hydrogenation reaction to form the acetal compound (2). The present invention provides a process for preparing 2,3,4,4-tetramethylcyclopentanecarbaldehyde of the following formula (3), comprising subjecting the acetal compound (2) to a hydrolysis reaction to form 2,3,4,4-tetramethylcyclopentanecarbaldehyde (3). ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to an acetal compound of the following general formula (1) and an acetal compound of the following general formula (2). The present invention relates to processes for preparing the acetal compound (2), comprising subjecting the acetal compound (1) to a hydrogenation reaction to form the acetal compound (2). The present invention provides a process for preparing 2,3,4,4-tetramethylcyclopentanecarbaldehyde of the following formula (3), comprising subjecting the acetal compound (2) to a hydrolysis reaction to form 2,3,4,4-tetramethylcyclopentanecarbaldehyde (3). ##STR00001##

The invention relates to a process for preparing a compound of the formula (I), ##STR00001## in which R is H or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, by reaction of at least one compound of the formula (II) ##STR00002## in which R has the same definition as in the formula (I) and in which R.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl or C.sub.3-C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, with a compound of the formula (III) ##STR00003## in which R.sup.2 is H or C(O)R.sup.3, in which R.sup.3 is H or C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, in the presence of at least one enzyme suitable for transesterification.

The present invention provides a vinylether compound of the following general formula (1), wherein R.sup.1 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and the wavy line represents the E-form, the Z-form, or a mixture thereof. The present invention further provides a process for preparing 2,3,4,4-tetramethyl-1-cyclopentenecarbaldehyde of the following formula of the following formula (2), the process comprising subjecting the vinylether compound (1) to a hydrolysis reaction to form 2,3,4,4-tetramethyl-1-cyclopentenecarbaldehyde (2). ##STR00001##