The present disclosure relates to mixed-bed systems comprising a particulate dehydrogenation catalyst based on one or more certain group 13 and 14 elements that further include additional metal components and a particulate non-catalytic additive comprising a heat-generating material, and to methods for dehydrogenating hydrocarbons using such systems. One aspect of the disclosure provides a mixed-bed system comprising a particulate dehydrogenation catalyst and a particulate non-catalytic additive. The particulate dehydrogenation catalyst includes a primary species P1 selected from Ga, In, TI, Ge, Sn Pb, and any mixture thereof; a primary species P2 selected from the lanthanides and any mixture thereof; a promoter M1 selected from Ni, Pd, Pt, La, Ir, Zn, Fe, Rh, Ru, Mn, Co, W, and any mixture thereof; and a promoter M2 selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and any mixture thereof on a support S1 selected from silica, alumina, zirconia, titania, yttria, and any mixture thereof. The particulate non-catalytic additive includes a heat-generating material and a carrier selected from inorganic oxides, clays, and any mixture thereof.

The present disclosure relates to mixed-bed systems comprising a particulate dehydrogenation catalyst based on one or more certain group 13 and 14 elements that further include additional metal components and a particulate non-catalytic additive comprising a heat-generating material, and to methods for dehydrogenating hydrocarbons using such systems. One aspect of the disclosure provides a mixed-bed system comprising a particulate dehydrogenation catalyst and a particulate non-catalytic additive. The particulate dehydrogenation catalyst includes a primary species P1 selected from Ga, In, TI, Ge, Sn Pb, and any mixture thereof; a primary species P2 selected from the lanthanides and any mixture thereof; a promoter M1 selected from Ni, Pd, Pt, La, Ir, Zn, Fe, Rh, Ru, Mn, Co, W, and any mixture thereof; and a promoter M2 selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and any mixture thereof on a support S1 selected from silica, alumina, zirconia, titania, yttria, and any mixture thereof. The particulate non-catalytic additive includes a heat-generating material and a carrier selected from inorganic oxides, clays, and any mixture thereof.

A catalytic composite comprises a first component selected from Group VIII noble metal components and mixtures thereof, a second component selected from one or more of alkali and alkaline earth metal components, and a third component selected from one or more of tin, germanium, lead, indium, gallium, and thallium, all supported on an alumina support comprising delta alumina having an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising at least three 2θ diffraction angle peaks between 32.0° and 70.0°. The at least three 2θ diffraction angle peaks comprise a first 2θ diffraction angle peak of 32.7°±0.4°, a second 2θ diffraction angle peak of 50.8°±0.4°, and a third 2θ diffraction angle peak of 66.7°±0.8°, wherein the second 2θ diffraction angle peak has an intensity of less than about 0.06 times the intensity of the third 2θ diffraction angle peak.

Fluidizable catalysts for the oxygen-free oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes to corresponding olefins. The catalysts comprise 10-20% by weight per total catalyst weight of one or more vanadium oxides (VO.sub.x) such as V.sub.2O.sub.5 as well as 1-5% by weight per total catalyst weight of niobium as a promoter. The dehydrogenation catalysts are mounted on an alumina support that is modified with lanthanum to stabilize bulk phase transformation of the alumina. Various methods of preparing and characterizing the catalysts as well as methods for the oxygen-free oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes to corresponding olefins with improved alkane conversion and olefin selectivity are also disclosed.

Fluidizable catalysts for the oxygen-free oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes to corresponding olefins. The catalysts comprise 10-20% by weight per total catalyst weight of one or more vanadium oxides (VO.sub.x) such as V.sub.2O.sub.5 as well as 1-5% by weight per total catalyst weight of niobium as a promoter. The dehydrogenation catalysts are mounted on an alumina support that is modified with lanthanum to stabilize bulk phase transformation of the alumina. Various methods of preparing and characterizing the catalysts as well as methods for the oxygen-free oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes to corresponding olefins with improved alkane conversion and olefin selectivity are also disclosed.

Fluidizable catalysts for the oxygen-free oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes to corresponding olefins. The catalysts comprise 10-20% by weight per total catalyst weight of one or more vanadium oxides (VO.sub.x) such as V.sub.2O.sub.5 as well as 1-5% by weight per total catalyst weight of niobium as a promoter. The dehydrogenation catalysts are mounted on an alumina support that is modified with lanthanum to stabilize bulk phase transformation of the alumina. Various methods of preparing and characterizing the catalysts as well as methods for the oxygen-free oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes to corresponding olefins with improved alkane conversion and olefin selectivity are also disclosed.

Methods and systems are provided for oxidative dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon feed stream to produce a product stream with improved ethylene yield. The methods can include the steps of (i) combining a recycle stream with the feed stream to form a reactor feed stream, (ii) contacting the reactor feed stream with an oxide-based redox catalyst to produce the product stream comprising ethylene and one or more byproducts selected from the group consisting of methane, ethane, other byproducts, and mixtures thereof, and (iii) removing all or a part of the methane and ethane from the product stream to produce the recycle stream. Systems for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of a hydrocarbon feed stream are also provided to produce a product stream with improved ethylene yield. The systems and methods can include an oxide-based redox catalyst, such as Mg.sub.6MnO.sub.8, Cu.sub.6PbO.sub.8, and Ni.sub.6MnO.sub.8.

Methods and systems are provided for oxidative dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon feed stream to produce a product stream with improved ethylene yield. The methods can include the steps of (i) combining a recycle stream with the feed stream to form a reactor feed stream, (ii) contacting the reactor feed stream with an oxide-based redox catalyst to produce the product stream comprising ethylene and one or more byproducts selected from the group consisting of methane, ethane, other byproducts, and mixtures thereof, and (iii) removing all or a part of the methane and ethane from the product stream to produce the recycle stream. Systems for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of a hydrocarbon feed stream are also provided to produce a product stream with improved ethylene yield. The systems and methods can include an oxide-based redox catalyst, such as Mg.sub.6MnO.sub.8, Cu.sub.6PbO.sub.8, and Ni.sub.6MnO.sub.8.

A method for making hydrogenated cyclooctatetraene dimers including cyclo-dimerizing butadiene to form 1,5-cyclooctadiene in the presence of at least one first catalyst, dehydrogenating 1,5-cyclooctadiene to 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene, dimerizing 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene to a C.sub.16 multicyclic hydrocarbon cyclooctatetraene dimer, and hydrogenating multicyclic hydrocarbon cyclooctatetraene dimer to form hydrogenated cyclooctatetraene dimers.

A method for making hydrogenated cyclooctatetraene dimers including cyclo-dimerizing butadiene to form 1,5-cyclooctadiene in the presence of at least one first catalyst, dehydrogenating 1,5-cyclooctadiene to 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene, dimerizing 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene to a C.sub.16 multicyclic hydrocarbon cyclooctatetraene dimer, and hydrogenating multicyclic hydrocarbon cyclooctatetraene dimer to form hydrogenated cyclooctatetraene dimers.