Methods for asymmetric cis-dihydroxylation (“AD”) of quinones to produce cis-diols of quinones with high yield (i.e. a yield ≥30%) and high enantioselectivity (i.e. an enantiometric excess ≥30%) are disclosed. The method uses an iron-based catalyst, such as one or more Fe(II) complexes, as the catalyst, and can be performed under mild reaction conditions (e.g. a temperature ≤50° C. at 1 atom in open air). The method generally includes: (i) maintaining a reaction mixture at a temperature for a period of time sufficient to form a product, where the reaction mixture contains a quinone, one or more iron-based catalyst(s), and a solvent, and where the product contains a chiral cis-diol. Optionally, the method also includes adding an oxidant into the reaction mixture prior to and/or during step (i), such as a hydrogen peroxide solution.

Methods for asymmetric cis-dihydroxylation (“AD”) of quinones to produce cis-diols of quinones with high yield (i.e. a yield ≥30%) and high enantioselectivity (i.e. an enantiometric excess ≥30%) are disclosed. The method uses an iron-based catalyst, such as one or more Fe(II) complexes, as the catalyst, and can be performed under mild reaction conditions (e.g. a temperature ≤50° C. at 1 atom in open air). The method generally includes: (i) maintaining a reaction mixture at a temperature for a period of time sufficient to form a product, where the reaction mixture contains a quinone, one or more iron-based catalyst(s), and a solvent, and where the product contains a chiral cis-diol. Optionally, the method also includes adding an oxidant into the reaction mixture prior to and/or during step (i), such as a hydrogen peroxide solution.

An electroactive species includes a quinone core structure and at least one stabilizing group covalently bound thereto. The stabilizing group includes a cationic group, a hydrogen bond donor, or a combination thereof. The electroactive species has an oxidized state and at least one reduced state capable of bonding with a Lewis acid gas to form an anion adduct. Methods for separating a Lewis acid gas from a fluid mixture, electrochemical cells, and gas separation systems are also provided.

An electroactive species includes a quinone core structure and at least one stabilizing group covalently bound thereto. The stabilizing group includes a cationic group, a hydrogen bond donor, or a combination thereof. The electroactive species has an oxidized state and at least one reduced state capable of bonding with a Lewis acid gas to form an anion adduct. Methods for separating a Lewis acid gas from a fluid mixture, electrochemical cells, and gas separation systems are also provided.

Disclosed herein is a method of converting a THC-rich cannabinoid mixture that comprises at least about 20% THC into a CBN-rich cannabinoid mixture that comprises at least about 2.0% CBN. The method comprises contacting the cannabinoid mixture with a benzoquinone reagent under reaction conditions comprising: (i) a reaction temperature that is within a target reaction-temperature range; and (ii) a reaction time that is within a target reaction-time range, such that at least a portion of the of the THC in the THC-rich cannabinoid mixture is converted into CBN.

Disclosed herein is a method of converting a THC-rich cannabinoid mixture that comprises at least about 20% THC into a CBN-rich cannabinoid mixture that comprises at least about 2.0% CBN. The method comprises contacting the cannabinoid mixture with a benzoquinone reagent under reaction conditions comprising: (i) a reaction temperature that is within a target reaction-temperature range; and (ii) a reaction time that is within a target reaction-time range, such that at least a portion of the of the THC in the THC-rich cannabinoid mixture is converted into CBN.

Embodiments of the present invention provide for syntheses of pattern-specific compounds using hypohalites, such as hypochlorous acid, sodium hypochlorite and potassium hypoiodite, as dual-radical generators, wherein the synthesis can be implemented by a cyclization reaction, a dehydrogenation reaction, a hydroxylation reaction, a decarboxylation reaction, or any combination of the above four.

Embodiments of the present invention provide for syntheses of pattern-specific compounds using hypohalites, such as hypochlorous acid, sodium hypochlorite and potassium hypoiodite, as dual-radical generators, wherein the synthesis can be implemented by a cyclization reaction, a dehydrogenation reaction, a hydroxylation reaction, a decarboxylation reaction, or any combination of the above four.

Provided is a method of stabilizing a perfluorodioxolane compound, which includes having a quinone compound present in a composition containing a perfluorodioxolane compound, wherein the perfluorodioxolane compound is one or more perfluorodioxolane compounds selected from the group consisting of a perfluorodioxolane compound denoted by general formula (1) and a perfluorodioxolane compound denoted by general formula (2).

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Provided is a method of stabilizing a perfluorodioxolane compound, which includes having a quinone compound present in a composition containing a perfluorodioxolane compound, wherein the perfluorodioxolane compound is one or more perfluorodioxolane compounds selected from the group consisting of a perfluorodioxolane compound denoted by general formula (1) and a perfluorodioxolane compound denoted by general formula (2).

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